This state-of-the-art handbook, the first in a series that provides medical physicists with a comprehensive overview into the field of nuclear medicine, is dedicated to instrumentation and imaging procedures in nuclear medicine. It provides a thorough treatment on the cutting-edge technologies being used within the field, in addition to touching upon the history of their use, their development, and looking ahead to future prospects.
This text will be an invaluable resource for libraries, institutions, and clinical and academic medical physicists searching for a complete account of what defines nuclear medicine.
The most comprehensive reference available providing a state-of-the-art overview of the field of nuclear medicine
Edited by a leader in the field, with contributions from a team of experienced medical physicists
Includes the latest practical research in the field, in addition to explaining fundamental theory and the field's history
Contents Preface...............................................................................................................................................................................ix Contributors......................................................................................................................................................................xi Editor Bio....................................................................................................................................................................... xiii Chapter 1 The History of Nuclear Medicine.................................................................................................................1 Bo- Anders Jönsson Chapter 2 Basic Atomic and Nuclear Physics.............................................................................................................15 Gudrun Alm Carlsson and Michael Ljungberg Chapter 3 Basics of Radiation Interactions in Matter.................................................................................................39 Michael Ljungberg Chapter 4 Radionuclide Production............................................................................................................................69 Hans Lundqvist Chapter 5 Radiometry.................................................................................................................................................89 Mats Isaksson Chapter 6 Scintillation Detectors..............................................................................................................................107 Per Roos Chapter 7 Semiconductor Detectors.........................................................................................................................129 Per Roos Chapter 8 Gamma Spectrometry...............................................................................................................................145 Christopher Rääf Chapter 9 Properties of the Digital Image................................................................................................................175 Katarina Sjögreen Gleisner Chapter 10 Image Processing......................................................................................................................................197 Johan Gustafsson Chapter 11 Machine Learning....................................................................................................................................221 Karl Åström Chapter 12 Image File Structures in Nuclear Medicine..............................................................................................237 Charles Herbst Chapter 13 The Scintillation Camera..........................................................................................................................251 Jonathan Gear Chapter 14 Collimators for Gamma Ray Imaging......................................................................................................265 Roel van Holen Chapter 15 Image Acquisition Protocols....................................................................................................................279 Jonathan Gear Chapter 16 Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) and SPECT/ CT Hybrid Imaging................297 Michael Ljungberg and Kjell Erlandsson Chapter 17 Dedicated Tomographic Single Photon Systems......................................................................................315 Jing Wu and Chi Liu Chapter 18 PET Systems............................................................................................................................................333 Stefaan Vandenberghe Chapter 19 Dead- time Effects in Nuclear Medicine Imaging Studies........................................................................343 Carlos Uribe and Anna Celler Chapter 20 Principles of Iterative Reconstruction for Emission Tomography...........................................................355 Andrew J. Reader Chapter 21 PET-CT Systems......................................................................................................................................389 Dimitris Visvikis Chapter 22 Clinical Molecular PET/ MRI Hybrid Imaging........................................................................................397 Bernhard Sattler Chapter 23 Quality Assurance of Nuclear Medicine Systems....................................................................................427 John Dickson Chapter 24 Calibration and Traceability.....................................................................................................................455 Brian E. Zimmerman Chapter 25 Activity Quantification from Planar Images............................................................................................463 Katarina Sjögreen Gleisner Chapter 26 Quantification in Emission Tomography..................................................................................................479 Brian F. Hutton, Kjell Erlandsson, and Kris Thielemans Chapter 27 Multicentre Studies: Hardware and Software Requirements...................................................................499 Terez Sera, Ronald Boellaard, Andres Kaalep, and Michael Ljungberg Chapter 28 Preclinical Molecular Imaging Systems...................................................................................................515 Magnus Dahlbom Chapter 29 Monte Carlo Simulation of Nuclear Medicine Imaging Systems............................................................533 David Sarrut and Michael Ljungberg Chapter 30 Beta and Alpha Particle Autoradiography................................................................................................563 Anders Örbom, Brian W. Miller and Tom Bäck Chapter 31 Principles behind Computed Tomography (CT)......................................................................................589 Mikael Gunnarsson and Kristina Ydström Chapter 32 Principles behind Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)..........................................................................605 Ronnie Wirestam
Michael Ljungberg is a Professor at Medical Radiation Physics, Lund, Lund University, Sweden. He started his research in the Monte Carlo field in 1983 through a project involving a simulation of whole-body counters but later changed the focus to more general applications in nuclear medicine imaging and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT). As a parallel to his development of the Monte Carlo code SIMIND, he started working in 1985 with quantitative SPECT and problems related to attenuation and scatter. After earning his PhD in 1990, he received a research assistant position that allowed him to continue developing SIMIND for quantitative SPECT applications and established successful collaborations with international research groups. At this time, the SIMIND program also became used worldwide. Dr. Ljungberg became an associate professor in 1994 and in 2005, after working clinically as a nuclear medicine medical physicist, received a full professorship in the Science Faculty at Lund University. He became head of the Department of Medical Radiation Physics in 2013 and a full professor in the Medical Faculty in 2015. Besides the development of SIMIND to include a new camera system with CZT detectors, his research includes an extensive project in oncological nuclear medicine and, with colleagues, he developed dosimetry methods based on quantitative SPECT, Monte-Carlo absorbed dose calculations, and methods for accurate 3D dose planning for internal radionuclide therapy. In recent years, his work has focused on implementing Monte-Carlo based image reconstruction in SIMIND. He is also involved in the undergraduate education of medical physicists and biomedical engineers and is supervising MSC and PhD students. In 2012, Professor Ljungberg became a member of the European Association of Nuclear Medicines task group on dosimetry and served in that group for six years. He has published over a hundred original papers, 18 conference proceedings, 18 books and book chapters and 14 peer- reviewed papers.
