Willis's Practice and Procedure for the Quantity Surveyor

Preface xvii 1 The Work of the Quantity Surveyor 1 Introduction 2 Characteristics of the construction industry 2 Construction sectors 3 The quantity surveying profession 5 The role of the quantity surveyor 6 Skills, knowledge and understanding 9 Quantity surveying education 13 RICS accreditation 13 Assessment of professional competence (APC) 14 Continuing professional development (CPD) 16 References 16 2 Digital Technologies 19 Introduction 19 Building information modelling (BIM) 22 References 34 3 Organisations and Management 37 Introduction 38 Business structures 38 Staffing 40 Corporate responsibilities 42 Employer’s responsibilities 43 Marketing 45 Management systems 46 Time and cost management 48 Developing staff and skills 49 Finance and accounts 50 References 54 4 The Quantity Surveyor and the Law 57 Introduction 58 The quantity surveyor and the client 58 Agreement for appointment 61 Negligence 65 Unbefitting professional behaviour 66 Other legislation requirements 67 References 70 5 Cost Control 71 Introduction 71 Project cost control 72 Cost advice 74 Cost reporting 74 New Rules of Measurement (NRM1) 75 Pre-contract estimating methods 75 General considerations 78 Cost planning 80 Additions to the building works estimate 81 Main contractor’s costs 81 Design and professional fees 81 Other project costs 82 Risk allowances 82 Inflation 82 Exclusions associated with specialist advice 83 Accuracy of approximate estimates 84 BIM and cost estimating 85 Client’s cash flow 86 Contractor’s cost control 86 Contractor’s cash flow 87 The role of lean construction in cost control 87 References 91 6 Whole Life Costing 93 Introduction 93 Government policy 95 Whole life costing and environmental impact 95 Whole life costing applications 96 Main factors to consider in WLC and LCC 100 Long life, loose fit and low energy 102 Calculations 104 Life cycle worked examples 105 Sensitivity analysis 106 Reporting to the client 106 BIM and LCC 106 References 107 7 Value Management 109 Introduction 109 Background 110 Terminology 110 Key aspects of value management 113 The job plan 114 Role of the quantity surveyor in the value management workshop 121 BIM and value management 121 Function analysis 122 Supporting the case for value management 126 Professional development and accreditation 128 References 128 8 Risk Management 131 Introduction 132 The application of risk management 133 Risk identification 134 Risk analysis 135 Risk evaluation 141 Risk management plan 141 BIM and risk management 145 References 146 9 Procurement 147 Introduction 147 General matters 148 Standard forms of contract 150 Methods of price determination 151 Contractor selection 154 Contract strategy 164 Client procurement needs 165 Partnering 167 The Private Finance Initiative (PFI) 170 The role of the quantity surveyor 171 References 171 10 Contract Documentation 173 Contract documents 173 Coordinated project information 175 Form of contract 176 Contract drawings 177 Descriptive schedules 178 Contract bills 178 Contract specification 181 Schedules of rates 182 Master programme 182 Information release schedule 182 Discrepancies in documents 182 BIM and contracts 183 References 183 11 Preparation of Contract Bills 185 Appointment of the quantity surveyor 185 Receipt of drawings 186 Taking-off 188 Methods of measurement 189 Alterations in taking-off 190 Standard descriptions 191 Numbering items 191 Schedule of basic rates (fluctuations option B) 191 Schedule of allocation (fluctuations option C) 192 Completing the contract bills 192 Computerised bill production 193 Copyright in the bills of quantities 193 Tendering procedure 194 Tender queries 195 E-tendering 203 Online auctions 203 References 203 12 Cost Management 205 Introduction 205 Valuations 206 Valuation on insolvency 218 Cost control and reporting 219 Cash flow 221 BIM and valuing and managing change 222 References 222 13 Final Accounts 225 Introduction 226 Variations 227 Procedure for measurement and evaluation 229 The role of the clerk of works 231 Pricing variations 231 Provisional sums 236 Loss and expense 238 Fluctuations 238 Completing the account 241 Audit 242 Timing and resources 244 References 245 14 Insolvency 247 Introduction 247 The role of the quantity surveyor 250 The role of the liquidator 250 Termination of contract (contractor insolvency) 252 Provision in the forms of contract 253 Factors to consider at insolvency 253 Completion of the contract 255 The employer’s loss 256 Expenditure involved 256 Termination of contract (employer insolvency) 256 Insolvency of the quantity surveyor or architect 258 Performance bonds 258 References 259 15 Contractual Disputes 261 Introduction 261 Why disputes arise 262 Litigation 264 Alternative dispute resolution 264 Adjudication 265 Arbitration 266 Non-adversarial alternative dispute resolution 268 Expert witness 272 Claims 273 References 276 16 Project Management 279 Introduction 279 Project management 281 Terminology 281 Duties of the project manager 282 BIM and the project manager 285 Responsibilities of the project manager 285 References 291 17 Facilities Management 293 Introduction 294 Measuring building performance 294 The role of the facilities manager 295 Outsourcing 296 Maintenance management 297 Problems of working in existing buildings 298 Procurement 299 Tendering and contractual arrangements 302 Budget and cost control 303 Benchmarking to improve value 305 Sustainability 306 Facilities management and BIM 308 Education and training for the facilities manager 309 Facilities management opportunities for the quantity surveyor 309 References 310 18 Sustainability in the Built Environment 313 Introduction 313 Sustainable development 314 Legislation 319 Assessment methods 320 Net zero 321 Circular economy 324 Measuring embodied carbon emissions drivers 325 Whole life carbon assessments 325 Quantity surveying and sustainability 327 References 328 Index 331