Halvard Leira is Research Director and Research Professor at the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI). He has published extensively in English and Norwegian on international political thought, historiography, foreign policy, and diplomacy. Alireza Shams Lahijani is a Marie-Curie Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Oslo, where he is researching the conceptual history of international order. His research revolves around the history of modern international society, focusing on themes of diplomacy, identity, and temporality. Einar Wigen is Professor of Turkish Studies at the University of Oslo, where he works on political legitimacy and imperial legacies in Turkey, the Ottoman Empire, and the wider Turkic world.