Bunmi Malau-Aduli is associate professor and associate dean of Learning and Teaching, and academic lead for Assessment and Evaluation at the College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University in North Queensland, Australia. Cees Van der Vleuten, PhD, is professor of Education, scientific director of the School of Health Professions Education at the University of Maastricht in the Netherlands. Richard Hays is professor of Medical Education, RHMT Medicine at the University of Tanzania.