Gary Goldschneider began his study of human personality with an interest in biographies and psychoanalytic theory. Before deciding against a career in medicine, for three years he attended Yale Medical School, where he studied psychiatry. During this time he discovered his deep and abiding interest in astrology and its symbolic relationship to personality. Joost Elffers was born in Amsterdam. He created and produced numerous books over the past twenty years, including Play With Your Food and The 48 Laws of Power. He lives in New York.