Angela Maddaloni is Head of the Financial Intermediation Research Section in the Directorate General Research of the European Central Bank, where she has worked since 2001. Her research and policy interest cover a wide range of topics related to financial intermediation, macro-financial linkages, the transmission of monetary policy, credit and business cycles and the impact of financial regulation. Giulia Scardozzi is a temporary research fellow at University of Roma TRE, Italy. She received her PhD in December 2020 at University of Roma TorVergta, Italy.