Alessandro Cigno received his Ph.D. in Mathematical Economics from the University of Birmingham in 1972. He has held permanent or visiting positions at several universities in Europe, the USA, Latin America, and Japan, including, as a Full Professor, Florence, Hull, Pisa, and Wisconsin (Madison). Between 1990 and 2020, he was an Editor of the Journal of Population Economics, and he has served a consultant for the Italian Foreign Ministry, the European Commission, and the World Bank. Furio Camillo Rosati is a Professor of Public Finance at the University of Tor Vergata, Rome in the Faculty of Economics. He received a Philosophy Doctorate in Economics from the London School of Economics and Political Science (1984). He is the Director of CEIS (Center for International Economic Studies) and of ICID (Italian Center for International Development).