Graham A. Loud is Professor of Medieval History at the University of Leeds, and was Head of the School of History 2012-15. Among his previous books are The Age of Robert Guiscard. Southern Italy and the Norman Conquest (Harlow 2000), The Latin Church in Norman Italy (Cambridge 2007), and Roger II and the Creation of the Kingdom of Sicily (Manchester 2012). He has also translated The Crusade of Frederick Barbarossa, for the Ashgate ‘Crusade Texts in Translation’ series (2010), and is currently editing The Origins of the German Principalities, 1100-1350, with Alan Murray and Jochen Schenk (Ashgate / German Historical Institute).