Louise Kaplan, PhD, ARNP, FNP‐BC, is an Associate Professor at the Washington State University College of Nursing, USA. She is a fellow of the American Academy of Nursing and the American Association of Nurse Practitioners. Marie Annette Brown, PhD, ARNP, FNP‐BC, is a Professor Emeritus at the University of Washington School of Nursing, USA. She is a fellow in both the American Academy of Nursing and the American Association of Nurse Practitioners.