It seems likely that the Tao Te Ching dates from the Warring States period of Chinese history (480-222BC) and that it is a collection of ancient Taoist sayings rather than the work of one man. Originally, this text was known as the Lao Tzu, which means 'Old Man'. Translator John H. Macdonald studied several different versions of the Tao Te Ching in an attempt to find consensus between them and determine the literal meaning of the original.