Sustainable Nation

Foreword xi Janette Sadik-Khan Preface xiii Acknowledgments xviii PART ONE: Our Default World 1: Where We Are 5 Civilization Timeline 5 Global hreats 6 National hreats 8 Global Barriers 10 National Barriers 12 Global Progress 14 National Progress 16 2: Case Studies: The Future Ahead of Schedule 24 PART TWO: Our Preferred Future 3: Where We Want to Go 68 A World Advancing Together 69 India 74 China 75 Nigeria 76 United States 77 PART THREE: Theory of Change 4: Igniting Community 82 Making “More Perfect” Communities 83 Are We here Yet? 84 5: Time 92 An Urgent Pivot that Falls on Our Watch 93 Mature Changelines 100 Emergent Changelines 102 6: Acceleration Strategies 116 How We Can Attain Our Preferred Future in Four Generations 117 How We Perceive Change 118 How Markets Inluence Change 124 Campaigns 125 Communities and Networks of Practice 128 Pilgrimage Sites 135 Professional Ethics and Liability 136 PART FOUR: The Practice of Change Why patterns? 146 7: Collective Effervescence 148 Build strong relationships between people and place through hope and hard work 150 Mary Nelson, PhD Use participatory art to connect to your neighbor’s humanity 152 Kareeshma Ali Every neighborhood needs an anchor house, magnetized to attract assets and demonstrate possibility 154 Isis Ferguson Transform every public space into a welcoming place 156 Fred Kent Increase “expressive surface area” in cities and make a place for creative ecology to lourish! 158 Steven Raspa Celebrate life with immersive community events guided by the principles of Burning Man 160 Steve Raspa Create a unique and visible food culture in every neighborhood 162 Janine de la Salle, MA, MCIP, RPP Use seasonal landscaping to connect humans with nature, and with each other 168 Steve Nygren 8: Self-Governing Neighborhoods 172 Truly great neighborhoods dream, make aspirational plans, and implement them over time 174 Alicia Daniels Uhlig Maintain the health of your neighborhood by holding annual planning checkups 176 Jessica Millman Plan land use changes via a design charrette process that includes robust input and at least three feedback loops 178 Bill Lennertz Conduct an annual “tactical intervention” that re-envisions how underutilized space can promote prosperity 180 Mike Lydon Make large on-the-ground changes fast through clear vision, demonstration,and measurement 184 Janette Sadik-Khan, Seth Solomonow Fill the gap in neighbourhood governance by creating an innovative business improvement district that includes residences 187 Jamie Simone, AICP, LEED-AP Build immunity to gentriication 189 Antwi Akom, Tessa Cruz, Aekta Shah Treat light poles as valuable public assets able to support advanced data in the future 191 Nancy Clanton, P.E. Let district governance unfold over time 192 Daniel Slone 9: A Theater of Life 196 People need an identiiable spatial unit to belong to 198 Emily Talen, PhD Maximize contact between communities of interest by designing third places 202 Aly Andrews Provide microunit housing in a “two-hour neighborhood,” with a nearby grocery, park, and indoor third place 204 Patrick Kennedy Turn strangers into neighbors by diversifying dwelling types in each building 206 Stefanos Polyzoides, Vinayak Bharne Mix building types within every block 208 Daniel Parolek Each building should have one architectural style 210 Steve Nygren 10: Vibrant Density 212 The “sweet spot” in a sustainable urban fabric is four to eight stories 214 Jason F. McLennan Buildings should comprise a visible base, a middle no more than seven stories tall, and a top 216 Steve Mouzon Make housing more afordable and proitable by reducing and separating parking 218 John G. Ellis, AIA, RIBA, Mohammad Momin Urban parking should be considered temporary and designed to be redevelopment-ready 222 Douglas Farr Build higher-density housing consistent with the average market potential: 100% in downtowns; 80% in in-towns; and 46% in outskirts 224 Todd Zimmerman, Laurie Volk, Christopher Volk-Zimmerman Meet the demand for walkable living by permitting house-scale, multi-unit buildings 226 Daniel Parolek Grant single-family homeowners the flexibility to add dwelling units on their lots 228 Brent Toderian Welcome singles and small families by creating a market for coach houses 230 Tim Kirkby, AIA, LEED AP BD+C, ND Become a developer, build incrementally, all small buildings 232 R. John Anderson 11: Mobility in Walkable Places 236 Create a bikesharing network with depots located at key destinations approximately 1,000 feet apart 238 Susan A. Shaheen, PhD Respect that the current carsharing market is dynamic and varies place by place 240 Susan A. Shaheen, PhD Dramatically reduce residential vehicle trips by up to 90% through land use and transportation design 242 David Fields, AICP Save money and reduce nonresidential car trips by up to 32% by investing in demand management rather than parking supply 244 David Fields, AICP Stop inducing vehicular demand by eliminating Level of Service 246 David Fields, AICP, Joshua Karlin-Resnick Urban highways should be considered temporary and only remain in use through a periodic justiication of their existence 248 Andrew Faulkner, Chris Sensenig Urban highways that cannot justify their existence should be removed via the following strategies 250 Andrew Faulkner, Chris Sensenig 12: Neighborhood Economy 258 Provide housing attainable by working singles and couples 260 Douglas Farr Grow an economy of walk-to jobs by providing lower rent space for small-scale manufacturers 264 Ilana Preuss Support neighborhood retail by scouting and cultivating entrepreneurial talent 268 Daryl Rose Davis All retail should be accessible on foot 270 Robert J. Gibbs Always delight pedestrians with storefront design, day and night 274 Robert J. Gibbs Minimize landills by encouraging zero waste through social norms and pricing 276 Gail Vittori 13: Urban Waters 280 Treat every project as an opportunity to process rainwater and stormwater 282 Thomas H. Price, P.E. Demand beauty when engineering rainwater and stormwater facilities 284 Thomas H. Price, P.E. Design urban waters to delight the senses 288 Herbert Dreiseitl Allow private stormwater to be processed on nearby streets and lands through a local management structure 292 Daniel Slone Reduce freshwater demand by 36-75% by equipping neighborhoods to use nonpotable water 294 John Leys Provide enough space to select low energy-consuming wastewater treatment technologies 298 John Leys Pursue the vision of clean waters for all by choosing wastewater technologies that clean more than they pollute 300 Thomas E. Ennis, PE, LEED AP Design wastewater treatment plants to be resource recovery and power centers 302 Debra Shore Recapture the waste heat in wastewater and use it to offset heating demand 304 Brent Shraiberg 14: Stranded Carbon 310 Design all buildings for the future by designing them to be net-zero energy ready 312 Matthew Mcgrane, AIA, NCARB, LEED AP Optimal glazing for buildings is a window-to-wall ratio of approximately 40% 314 Sachin Anand, Sameer Divekar Build larger buildings, preferably thin,don’t sweat orientation 316 Sachin Anand, Sameer Divekar Approach every project as though PHIUS+, the building energy code of the future, were in effect today 318 Katrin Klingenberg Plan systems only at effective scales 320 Cole Roberts, PE Reduce waste 3-27% by providing timely, relevant, and actionable data 322 Clare Butterield 15: The New Health, Safety, and Welfare 324 Design the built environment to guarantee that the easy choice is the healthy choice 326 Richard J. Jackson, MD Improve community health and reduce costs by investing in local, people centered wellness 328 Larry Morrissey For pedestrian safety, use street design to limit vehicle speeds to no more than 20 mph 330 Dan Burden, Samantha Thomas Increase both property values and time spent outdoors by illing the gaps between walk-to parks 334 Grant M. Hromas In legacy cities, ensure the future of every block through landscape reuse 336 Maurice Cox, James Macmillen, Erin Kelly, Alexa Bush, Omar Davis, Dan Rieden To improve public health, safety, and welfare in buildings, make at least one required ire stair open and inviting and start it in the lobby 340 Scott Bernstein End the race to build the world’s tallest building 342 Douglas Farr Stay connected to the night sky through minimal adjustable street-level lighting 344 Nancy Clanton, PE Respect circadian rhythms for all species by eliminating blue outdoor light 346 Nancy Clanton, PE Make public outdoor lighting beautiful from every angle 348 Nancy Clanton, PE Epilogue 353 Glossary 355 Index 361