Tito Boeri received his Ph.D. in economics from New York University and is currently Professor of Economics at Bocconi University and is Director of the Fondazione Rodolfo Debenedetti. He has also acted as consultant to the European Commission, International Monetary Fund, the ILO, the World Bank and the Italian Government. Micael Castanheira received his Ph.D. in economics from the Free University of Brussels and is currently a research fellow of the Belgian National Research Foundation (FNRS), and Professor of Economics at the Free University of Brussels. Riccardo Faini is Professor of Political Economy at the University of Rome Tor Vergata. He was previously Director General at the Italian Treasury and has held the post of Executive Director at the International Monetary Fund. Vincenzo Galasso obtained his Ph.D. in economics from the University of California at Los Angeles and is currently Associate Professor of Economics at Bocconi University, Milan, and Research Fellow of IGIER.