Stability and Legitimate Expectations in International Energy Investments

1. Introductory Remarks: The Quest for Stability I. General Introduction and Background II. Objectives and Scope of the Book III. Justification and Significance of the Book IV. Methodology and Structure of the Book 2. International Energy Investments, the Risks and the Protection Methods I. Introduction II. Definition of Investment III. International Energy Investments: What is Special about them? IV. Risks in Energy Investments V. Political Risks VI. Sources of Investment Protection against Political Risks VII. Conclusion 3. Stability in International Energy Investments I. Introduction II. The Stability Concept in General III. Stability Provisions Defined IV. Sources of Stability Guarantees V. The Changing Role of Stability Provisions VI. Conclusion 4. Backgrounds of Two Contentious Concepts: Fair and Equitable Treatment Standard and Legitimate Expectations I. Introduction II. The Fair and Equitable Treatment Standard III. Investors’ Legitimate Expectations IV. Conclusion 5. The Legitimate Expectations Principle in Investment Treaty Arbitration: Current Status and Contours I. Introduction II. What Creates Legitimate Expectations? III. Temporal Requirement of Legitimate Expectations IV. How Can an Expectation be Considered Legitimate? V. A Test to Identify Legitimate Expectations VI. Conclusion 6. Legitimate Expectations and Stability: The Interplay I. Introduction II. Legitimate Expectations ‘from’ Stability III. Legitimate Expectations ‘to’ Stability IV. Conclusion 7. Concluding Remarks I. General Conclusions II. Main Findings III. Recommendations