Small Animal Pathology for Veterinary Technicians

About the Companion Website xi Chapter 1 Introduction 1 The Veterinary Technician’s Role in Pathology 1 Technician Duties and Required Skills 1 Diagnosis 3 Immunity 3 Factors Involved in Infectious Disease 4 Common Terminology Necessary for Understanding Pathology 4 Chapter 2 Canine Infectious Disease 7 Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) or Hard Pad Disease 7 Canine Parvovirus Type 2 (CPV-2) 10 Canine Adenovirus Type 1 (CAV-1) or Infectious Canine Hepatitis (ICH) 13 Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis or Kennel Cough 14 Leptospirosis 16 Canine Influenza Virus (CIV) or Dog Flu 18 Chapter 3 Feline Infectious Disease 21 Feline Panleukopenia (FPV), Feline Distemper, Feline Parvo, Feline Infectious Enteritis 21 Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) 24 Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) or Feline AIDS 27 Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP or FIPV) 28 Feline Upper Respiratory Tract Infections 31 Toxoplasmosis 34 Chapter 4 Rabies 37 Rabies Virus 37 Chapter 5 Gastrointestinal Tract Disease 43 Oral Cavity 43 Periodontal Disease or Periodontitis 43 Papilloma or Puppy Warts 44 Epulis 45 Oral Melanoma 45 Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) 48 Oral Fibrosarcoma 49 Salivary Mucocele, Sialocele, or Salivary Gland Cyst 51 Esophagus 52 Megaesophagus or Acquired Paralysis 52 Esophageal Obstructions or Foreign Bodies 54 Vascular Ring Anomaly (VRA) or Persistent Right Aortic Arch (PRAA) 55 Gastroesophageal Reflux 55 Stomach 56 Acute Gastritis 56 Gastric Ulcers 57 Gastrointestinal Obstructions 57 Pyloric Stenosis or Chronic Hypertrophic Gastropathy 58 Gastric Dilatation and Volvulus (GDV) 60 Intestines 62 Intussusception 62 Linear Foreign Bodies 63 Inflammatory Bowel Disease 64 Megacolon 64 Intestinal Neoplasia 66 Liver 66 Cholangiohepatitis 66 Portal Systemic Shunt (PSS) or Portal Caval Shunt 68 Feline Hepatic Lipidosis (FHL) or Fatty Liver Disease 69 Hepatic Neoplasia 70 Pancreas 71 Acute Pancreatitis 71 Chronic Pancreatitis 73 Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency or Pancreatic Maldigestion 73 Pancreatic Neoplasia 74 Chapter 6 Urinary Tract Disease 77 Bacterial Cystitis or Urinary Tract Infection 77 Pyelonephritis 78 Urolithiasis (Urinary Calculi or Urinary Stones) 79 Urinary Obstruction or Blocked Tom (Feline) 81 Feline Urinary Tract Disease (FLUTD) 83 Acute Renal Failure (ARF) 83 Chronic Renal Failure (CRF), Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), or Chronic Renal Disease (CRD) 85 Chapter 7 Reproductive Disease 87 Vaginitis 87 Pyometra 88 Dystocia 89 Mastitis 90 Mammary Neoplasia 90 Prostate Disease 91 Testicular Disease 92 Male Reproductive Neoplasia 93 Chapter 8 Endocrine Disease 95 Hyperthyroidism 95 Hypothyroidism 96 Hyperadrenocorticism or Cushing’s Disease/Syndrome 97 Hypoadrenocorticism or Addison’s Disease 99 Diabetes Mellitus or Sugar Diabetes 100 Diabetes Insipidus (DI), or Weak or Watery Diabetes 102 Chapter 9 Ocular Disease 105 Conjunctivitis or Pink Eye 105 Epiphora 106 Third Eyelid Prolapse or Cherry Eye 107 Entropion/Ectropion 108 Glaucoma 109 Corneal Ulcers 111 Chronic Superficial Keratitis or Pannus 112 Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca or Dry Eye 112 Anterior Uveitis, Iridocyclitis, or Soft Eye 113 Cataracts 113 Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) or Progressive Retinal Degeneration (PRD) 114 Chapter 10 Integumentary Disease 117 Parasitic Skin Infections 117 Flea Allergy Dermatitis (FAD) 117 Ticks 119 Otodetic Mange or Ear Mites 120 Sarcoptes or Scabies or Sarcoptic Mange 121 Demodex or Demodetic Mange or Demodicosis 122 Pediculosis or Lice 123 Cuterebra Larvae or Botfly Larvae 124 Facultative Myiasis-Producing Flies or Maggots 125 Fungal Skin Infections 126 Yeast 126 Dermatophytosis or Ringworm 127 Miscellaneous Skin Disorders 129 Pyoderma or Bacterial Folliculitis 129 Seborrhea 129 Acute Moist Dermatitis or Traumatic Dermatitis or Hot Spots 130 Atopy or Allergic Dermatitis 131 Food Allergy 133 Epidermal Inclusion Cysts or Sebaceous Cysts 134 Feline Acne 134 Neoplasias Originating from the Skin and Associated Structures 135 Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumor 135 Cutaneous Histiocytoma 137 Melanoma 137 Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma 138 Lipoma 139 Chapter 11 Musculoskeletal Disease 141 Bone Fractures 141 Osteosarcoma (OSA) 143 Panosteitis (Pano) 146 Osteoarthritis or Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD) 146 Hip Dysplasia 148 Osteochondritis Dissecans (OCD) 151 Patellar Luxation 152 Cranial or Anterior Cruciate Ligament (CCL or ACL) Rupture or Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease (CCLD) 153 Intervertebral Disk Disease (IVDD) 156 Myasthenia Gravis 159 Chapter 12 Hematologic and Lymph Disease 163 Erythrocyte Disorders 163 Anemia 163 Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia (IMHA) 166 Absolute Erythrocytosis or Polycythemia 168 Leukocyte and Lymph Disorders 169 Malignant Lymphoma or Lymphosarcoma (LSA) 169 Multiple Myeloma (Plasma Cell Tumor) 170 Chylothorax 171 Thrombocyte and Coagulation Disorders 172 Primary Immune-Mediated Thrombocytopenia (PIMT) or Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia 172 Hemophilia 172 von Willebrand’s Disease 173 Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy 174 Rodenticide Toxicity 175 Feline Aortic Thromboembolism (FATE) or Feline Saddle Thrombus 176 Chapter 13 Diseases of Rabbits, Guinea Pigs, and Chinchillas 179 Urolithiasis/Bladder Sludge 179 Gastric Stasis 181 Ulcerative Pododermatitis, Bumblefoot, or Sore Hock 182 Malocclusion or Slobbers 183 Heat Stroke 185 Respiratory Infection 185 Mastitis 186 Rabbit Hairballs or Trichobezoar 187 Rabbit Buphthalmia 188 Rabbit Uterine Adenocarcinoma 188 Scurvy 190 Antibiotic-Associated Enterotoxemia 190 Streptococcal Lymphadenitis, Cervical Lymphadenitis, or Lumps 191 Cavian Cytomegalovirus (CMV) 192 Cavian Leukemia/Lymphosarcoma 192 Guinea Pig Dystocia 193 Chinchilla Fur Slip and Fur Chewing 193 Chinchilla Gastric Tympany (Bloat) 194 Chapter 14 Diseases of Ferrets 197 Pancreatic Beta Cell Tumor or Insulinoma 197 Adrenal Disease or Hyperadrenocorticism 198 Aplastic Anemia/Estrogen Toxicity 200 Lymphoma/Lymphosarcoma 201 Influenza 202 Epizootic Catarrhal Enteritis (ECE) or Green Slime Diarrhea 202 Ferret Systemic Coronavirus (FRSCV) or Ferret FIP 203 Canine Distemper 204 Gastric Foreign Bodies 205 Chapter 15 Diseases of Hamsters, Gerbils, and Rats 207 Malocclusions 207 Proliferative Ileitis, Proliferative Enteritis, or Wet Tail 209 Antibiotic-Associated Enterotoxemia or Clostridial Enteropathy 210 Tyzzer’s Disease or Clostridium piliforme 210 Respiratory Infections 211 Neoplasia 212 Ulcerative Pododermatitis or Bumblefoot 213 Chromodacryorrhea or Red Tears 215 Arteriolar Nephrosclerosis or Hamster Nephrosis or Renal Failure 216 Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV) 216 Gerbil Epileptiform Seizures 217 Gerbil Tail Slip or Tail Degloving 217 Index 219