The content of this volume has been added to eMagRes (formerly Encyclopedia of Magnetic Resonance) - the ultimate online resource for NMR and MRI.
To date there is no single reference aimed at teaching the art of applications guided coil design for use in MRI. This RF Coils for MRI handbook is intended to become this reference.
Heretofore, much of the know-how of RF coil design is bottled up in various industry and academic laboratories around the world. Some of this information on coil technologies and applications techniques has been disseminated through the literature, while more of this knowledge has been withheld for competitive or proprietary advantage. Of the published works, the record of technology development is often incomplete and misleading, accurate referencing and attribution assignment being tantamount to admission of patent infringement in the commercial arena. Accordingly, the literature on RF coil design is fragmented and confusing. There are no texts and few courses offered to teach this material. Mastery of the art and science of RF coil design is perhaps best achieved through the learning that comes with a long career in the field at multiple places of employment…until now.
RF Coils for MRI combines the lifetime understanding and expertise of many of the senior designers in the field into a single, practical training manual. It informs the engineer on part numbers and sources of component materials, equipment, engineering services and consulting to enable anyone with electronics bench experience to build, test and interface a coil. The handbook teaches the MR system user how to safely and successfully implement the coil for its intended application. The comprehensive articles also include information required by the scientist or physician to predict respective experiment or clinical performance of a coil for a variety of common applications. It is expected that RF Coils for MRI becomes an important resource for engineers, technicians, scientists, and physicians wanting to safely and successfully buy or build and use MR coils in the clinic or laboratory. Similarly, this guidebook provides teaching material for students, fellows and residents wanting to better understand the theory and operation of RF coils.
Many of the articles have been written by the pioneers and developers of coils, arrays and probes, so this is all first hand information! The handbook serves as an expository guide for hands-on radiologists, radiographers, physicians, engineers, medical physicists, technologists, and for anyone with interests in building or selecting and using RF coils to achieve best clinical or experimental results.
About EMR Handbooks / eMagRes Handbooks
The Encyclopedia of Magnetic Resonance (up to 2012) and eMagRes (from 2013 onward) publish a wide range of online articles on all aspects of magnetic resonance in physics, chemistry, biology and medicine. The existence of this large number of articles, written by experts in various fields, is enabling the publication of a series of EMR Handbooks / eMagRes Handbooks on specific areas of NMR and MRI. The chapters of each of these handbooks will comprise a carefully chosen selection of articles from eMagRes. In consultation with the eMagRes Editorial Board, the EMR Handbooks / eMagRes Handbooks are coherently planned in advance by specially-selected Editors, and new articles are written (together with updates of some already existing articles) to give appropriate complete coverage. The handbooks are intended to be of value and interest to research students, postdoctoral fellows and other researchers learning about the scientific area in question and undertaking relevant experiments, whether in academia or industry.
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Contributors ix Series Preface xiii Volume Preface xv Part A: Surface Coils 1 1 An Historical Introduction to Surface Coils: The Early Days 3 Joseph J. H. Ackerman 2 Radiofrequency Coils for NMR: A Peripatetic History of Their Twists and Turns 9 Eiichi Fukushima 3 Quadrature Surface Coils 17 Christopher M. Collin and, Andrew G. Webb 4 Double-Tuned Surface Coils 27 Barbara L. Beck 5 Nested Surface Coils for Multinuclear NMR 39 Arthur W. Magill and Rolf Gruetter 6 Quadrature Transverse Electromagnetic (TEM) Surface Coils 51 Nikolai I. Avdievich Part B: Array Coils 63 7 Receiver Loop Arrays 65 Steven M. Wright 8 Coil Array Design for Parallel Imaging: Theory and Applications 81 Daniel K. Sodickson, Michael A. Ohliger, Riccardo Lattanzi and Graham C. Wiggins 9 Transceiver Loop Arrays 101 Randy Duensing 10 Characterization of Multichannel Coil Arrays on the Benchtop 111 Mark A Griswold Part C: Volume Coils 121 11 Birdcage Volume Coil Design 123 Nicola De Zanche 12 Double-Tuned Birdcage Coils: Construction and Tuning 137 Joseph Murphy-Boesch 13 TEM Body Coils 147 J. Thomas Vaughan 14 TEM Transceiver Head Array Coils for Ultra High Magnetic Fields 169 Gregor Adriany 15 TEM Arrays, Design and Implementation 175 Carl Snyder 16 Transverse Electromagnatic (TEM) Coils for Extremities 185 Nikolai I. Avdievich 17 Antennas as Surface Array Elements for Body Imaging at Ultra-high Field Strengths 197 A. J. E. Raaijmakers and C. A. T. van den Berg Part D: Special Purpose Coils 209 18 Catheter Coils 211 Ergin Atalar 19 Microcoils 225 Andrew G. Webb 20 Cryogenic and Superconducting Coils for MRI 233 Sven Junge 21 Litz Coils for High Resolution and Animal Probes, Especially for Double Resonance 245 F. David Doty, George Entzminger Jr 22 Millipede Coils 259 Ernest W. H. Wong Part E: Coil Interface Circuits 269 23 Receiver Design for MR 271 David I. Hoult 24 Radiofrequency Power Amplifiers for NMR and MRI 299 Daniel P. Myer 25 Impedance Matching and Baluns 315 David M. Peterson Part F: Coil Modeling and Evaluation 325 26 Radiofrequency MRI Coil Analysis: A Standard Procedure 327 Rostislav A. Lemdiasov, Reinhold Ludwig 27 Practical Electromagnetic Modeling Methods 339 Jian-Ming Jin 28 Radiofrequency Fields and SAR for Bird Cages 363 Tamer S. Ibrahim 29 RF Field Modeling for Double-Tuned Volume Coils 377 Wanzhan Liu 30 Radiofrequency Fields and SAR for Transverse Electromagnetic (TEM) Surface Coils 387 Can Eyup Akgun 31 TEM Coil Fields and SAR 397 Jinfeng Tian Part G: RF Safety 407 32 RF Device Safety and Compatibility 409 John Nyenhuis 33 Radiofrequency Heating Models and Measurements Devashish Shrivastava, J. Thomas Vaughan 425 Index 437
John Thomas Vaughan, Professor, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA. John Richard Griffiths, Professor, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, UK.
