Dr. Carla Litchfield is Associate Professor and Director of the Conservation Psychology and Applied Animal Behavior Research Group at the University of South Australia. She obtained her PhD from the University of Adelaide, and her research examines the psychological wellbeing, physical wellbeing, and conservation of captive and wild animals. She applies principles of human psychology to conservation issues such as illegal wildlife trade. Her focal species include sharks, primates, marine mammals, canids, felids, and birds. Dr. Litchfield has published numerous journal articles on conservation, animal welfare, and animal exploitation. She has authored several books, including the forthcoming Elsevier book Preventing Animal Abuse and Exploitation.