Practical Gastroenterology and Hepatology Board Review Toolkit

List of contributors, ix Foreword, xv Preface, xvii About the companion website, xviii Section I: How to Ace the Boards in Gastroenterology and Hepatology 1 Introduction and Overview of the Gastroenterology Boards, 3 Brooks Cash Section II: Esophagus and stomach Editors Kenneth R. DeVault and Nick J. Talley Part 1: Pathobiology of the Esophagus and Stomach 2 Anatomy, Embryology, and Congenital Malformations of the Esophagus and Stomach, 11 Lori A. Orlando and Roy C. Orlando 3 Esophageal and Gastric Motor Function, 15 Kenneth R. DeVault, Ernest P. Bouras, and Nicholas J. Talley Part 2: Other Diagnostic Modalities 4 Radiologic Approach to Diagnosis, 23 Stephen W. Trenkner and James E. Huprich 5 Esophageal Motility Disorders, 28 Magnus Halland and Kenneth R. DeVault 6 Gastric Motility Testing, 36 Jan Tack Part 3: Problem-Based Approach to Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis 7 General Approach to History-Taking and Physical Examination of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract, 43 Evan S. Dellon and Eugene M. Bozymski 8 Heartburn, Regurgitation, and Chest Pain, 46 Kenneth R. DeVault 9 Dysphagia, 52 Dawn L. Francis 10 Miscellaneous Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms, 56 Mohamed Sultan and James H. Lewis 11 Dyspepsia, 70 Nicholas J. Talley, Kate Napthali, and Kenneth McQuaid 12 Nausea and Vomiting, 74 John K. DiBaise 13 Hematemesis, 79 Thomas O.G. Kovacs and Dennis M. Jensen Part 4: Diseases of the Esophagus 14 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, 85 Robert T. Kavitt and Michael F. Vaezi 15 Barrett’s Esophagus, 91 Shanmugarajah Rajendra and Prateek Sharma 16 Eosinophilic Esophagitis, 98 Jeffrey A. Alexander 17 Strictures, Rings, andWebs, 105 Ioannis S. Papanikolaou and Peter D. Siersema Part 5: Diseases of the Stomach 18 Peptic Ulcer Disease, 115 Francis K.L. Chan and Nicholas J. Talley 19 Helicobacter pylori, 121 Barry J. Marshall 20 Gastritis, 126 Massimo Rugge and David Y. Graham 21 Gastroparesis, 132 Henry P. Parkman and Nicholas J. Talley 22 Non-variceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding, 138 Thomas J. Savides 23 Other Gastric Tumors (Benign and Malignant), 145 Sun-Chuan Dai and Michael L. Kochman 24 Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis, 152 Magnus Halland and Nicholas J. Talley 25 Esophageal and Gastric Involvement in Systemic and Cutaneous Diseases, 156 John M. Wo Part 6: Functional Disease of the Esophagus and Stomach 26 Functional Esophageal Disorders, 169 Ellionore Jarbrink-Sehgal, Kenneth R. DeVault, and Nicholas J. Talley Section III: Intestine and Pancreas Editor Michael Wallace Part 1: Pathobiology of the Intestine and Pancreas 27 Clinical Anatomy, Embryology, and Congenital Anomalies, 177 Advitya Malhotra and Joseph H. Sellin 28 Small-Intestinal Hormones and Neurotransmitters, 181 James Reynolds 29 Mucosal Immunology of the Intestine, 187 Maneesh Dave and William A. Faubion 30 Motor and Sensory Function, 191 Vineet S. Gudsoorkar and Eamonn M.M. Quigley 31 Neoplasia, 198 John M. Carethers Part 2: Problem-Based Approach to Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis 32 General Approach to Relevant History-Taking and Physical Examination, 203 Christopher L. Steele and Suzanne Rose 33 Acute Diarrhea, 213 John R. Cangemi 34 Chronic Diarrhea, 218 Lawrence R. Schiller 35 Loss of Appetite and Loss ofWeight, 223 Angela Vizzini and Jaime Aranda-Michel 36 Gastrointestinal Food Allergy and Intolerance, 227 Mark T. DeMeo 37 Obesity: Presentations and Management Options, 231 Andres Acosta, Todd A. Kellogg, and Barham K. Abu Dayyeh 38 Hematochezia, 237 Lisa L. Strate 39 Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding, 241 R. Sameer Islam and Shabana F. Pasha 40 Constipation, 246 Arnold Wald 41 Perianal Disease, 251 Leyla J. Ghazi and David A. Schwartz 42 Fecal Incontinence, 256 David Prichard and Adil E. Bharucha 43 Colorectal Cancer Screening, 261 Katherine S. Garman and Dawn Provenzale 44 Endoscopic Palliation of Malignant Obstruction, 266 Todd H. Baron Part 3: Diseases of the Small Intestine 45 Crohn’s Disease, 273 Kara M. De Felice and Sunanda V. Kane 46 Small-Bowel Tumors, 279 Nadir Arber and Menachem Moshkowitz 47 Small-Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth, 285 Johanna Iturrino and Madhusudan Grover 48 Celiac Disease and Tropical Sprue, 291 Alberto Rubio-Tapia and Joseph A. Murray 49 Whipple’s Disease, 296 Seema A. Patil and George T. Fantry 50 Short-Bowel Syndrome, 299 Alan L. Buchman 51 Protein-Losing Gastroenteropathy, 304 Lauren K. Schwartz and Carol E. Semrad 52 Acute Mesenteric Ischemia and Chronic Mesenteric Insufficiency, 308 Timothy T. Nostrant 53 Intestinal Obstruction and Pseudo-obstruction, 313 Magnus Halland and Purna Kashyap Part 4: Diseases of the Colon and Rectum 54 Ulcerative Colitis, 323 Sunanda V. Kane 55 Clostridium difficile Infection and Pseudomembranous Colitis, 328 Byron P. Vaughn and J. Thomas Lamont 56 Colonic Ischemia, 333 Timothy T. Nostrant 57 Acute Diverticulitis, 338 Yuliya Y. Yurko and Tonia M. Young-Fadok 58 Acute Colonic Pseudo-obstruction, 343 Michael D. Saunders 59 Colonic Polyps and Colorectal Cancer, 349 John B. Kisiel, Paul J. Limburg, and Lisa A. Boardman 60 Pregnancy and Luminal Gastrointestinal Disease, 357 Sumona Saha 61 Consequences of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, 363 Vera P. Luther and P. Samuel Pegram Part 5: Diseases of the Pancreas 62 Acute Pancreatitis and (Peri)pancreatic Fluid Collections, 371 Santhi Swaroop Vege 63 Chronic Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Pseudocysts, 378 Pierre Hindy and Scott Tenner 64 Pancreatic Cancer and Cystic Pancreatic Neoplasms, 383 William R. Brugge Part 6: Functional Diseases of the Small and Large Intestine 65 Irritable Bowel Syndrome, 391 Elizabeth J. Videlock and Lin Chang 66 Chronic Functional Constipation and Dyssynergic Defecation, 400 Satish S.C. Rao and Yeong Yeh Lee 67 Chronic Functional Abdominal Pain, 407 Amy E. Foxx-Orenstein 68 Abdominal Bloating and Visible Distension, 412 Mark Pimentel Part 7: Transplantation 69 Gastrointestinal Complications of Solid Organ and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, 419 Natasha Chandok and Kymberly D.S. Watt Section IV: Liver and Biliary Tract Editors Keith Lindor and Bashar A. Aqel Part 1: Diagnostic Approaches in Liver Disease 70 Approach to History-Taking and Physical Examination in Liver and Biliary Disease, 429 David D. Douglas 71 Acute Liver Failure, 435 Khurram Bari and Robert J. Fontana 72 Imaging of the Liver and Bile Ducts: Radiographic and Clinical Assessment of Findings, 442 Thomas J. Byrne and Alvin C. Silva 73 Assessment of Liver Fibrosis: Liver Biopsy and Other Techniques, 450 Sumeet K. Asrani and Jayant Talwalkar 74 Endoscopic Techniques Used in the Management of Liver and Biliary Tree Disease: ERCP and EUS, 455 Toufic Kachaamy and Douglas Faigel Part 2: Diseases of the Liver 75 Acute Viral Hepatitis: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis E, and Other Viruses, 465 Iliana Doycheva and Juan F. Gallegos-Orozco 76 Chronic Hepatitis B and D, 473 Vijayan Balan, Jorge Rakela, and Rebecca Corey 77 Hepatitis C, 480 Michael Charlton and Travis Dick 78 Bacterial and Other Non-viral Infections of the Liver, 487 Maria Teresa A. Seville, Roberto L. Patron, Ann McCullough, and Shimon Kusne 79 Alcoholic Liver Disease, 498 Moira Hilscher and Vijay Shah 80 Drug-Induced Liver Injury, 503 Einar Björnsson and Naga Chalasani 81 Autoimmune Liver Diseases, 508 Justin A. Reynolds and Elizabeth J. Carey 82 Vascular Diseases of the Liver, 513 Brenda Ernst, Pierre Noel, and Bashar A. Aqel 83 Metabolic Syndrome andNon-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, 522 Paul Angulo 84 Hemochromatosis,Wilson’s Disease, and Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Deficiency, 530 Lisa M. Glass and Rolland C. Dickson 85 Hepatic Manifestations of Systemic Diseases, 538 Stephen Crane Hauser 86 Diseases of the Biliary Tract and Gallbladder, 543 Wajeeh Salah and M. Edwyn Harrison 87 Portal Hypertension, 554 Humberto C. Gonzalez and Patrick S. Kamath 88 TIPS, 567 Santiago Cornejo and Sailendra Naidu 89 Primary Carcinoma of the Liver, 574 Renumathy Dhanasekaran, Julie K. Heimbach, and Lewis R. Roberts 90 Pregnancy and Liver Disease, 582 J. Eileen Hay 91 Pediatric Liver Disease, 587 Tamir Miloh Part 3: Liver Transplantation 92 Indications and Selection of Patients for Liver Transplantation, 601 Michael D. Leise and Marie A. Laryea 93 What Every Hepatologist Should Know about Liver Transplantation, 608 Peter S. Yoo and David C. Mulligan 94 Immunosuppression Used in Liver Transplantation, 617 Rebecca L. Corey and David D. Douglas 95 Medical Management of the Liver Transplant Patient, 626 William C. Palmer and Denise M. Harnois 96 Organ Allocation Policy: Practical Issues and Challenges to the Gastroenterologist, 632 Jessica Yu and Pratima Sharma 97 Endoscopic Ultrasound, 637 Thomas J. Savides Online-Only Chapters 98 Small-Intestinal Ulcerations Reza Y. Akhtar and Blair S. Lewis 99 Enteroscopy G. Anton Decker, Jonathan A. Leighton, and Frank J. Lukens 100 Esophageal Dilation: An Overview Parth J. Parekh and David A. Johnson 101 Advanced Colonoscopy, Polypectomy, and Colonoscopic Imaging Farrah Rahmani and Douglas K. Rex 102 Physiology of Weight Regulation Louis Chaptini and Steven Peikin Index, 641