Practical Advanced Periodontal Surgery

List of Contributors xi Acknowledgments xiii About the Companion Website xv Introduction 1 Thomas Van Dyke 1 Conscious IV Sedation Utilizing Midazolam 3 Jess Liu Introduction 3 Midazolam (Versed) 3 Armamentarium 4 Steps in IV Sedation 4 2. Bone Physiology and Metabolism 11 Jean‐Pierre Dibart Bone Composition 11 Bone Types 11 Bone Formation 11 Bone Density Measuring Techniques 14 Implications for Dental Treatments 15 3. Anatomy of the Dental/Alveolar Structures and Wound Healing 19 Albert Price Anatomic Review (Emphasis on Vascular Supply) 19 Vascular Supply: Macro and Micro 19 Blood Supply Within the Alveolar and Basal Bone of the Dental Arches 21 Microarchitecture of the Bone/Tooth Relationship and the Interface of Soft and Hard Connective Tissues 21 Anatomy and Vascular Supply of the Investing Soft Connective Tissues 25 Cementum 28 Antatomy and Vascular Supply of the Epithelial Structures 28 The Wound‐Healing Process 29 4. PiezocisionTM Assisted Orthodontics in Everyday Practice 35 Serge Dibart, Elif Keser, and Donald Nelson Introduction 35 The Technique 35 Computer Guided Piezocision‐Orthodontics 35 Dynamically Guided Piezocision 37 Piezocision Assisted Orthodontics With Clear Aligners 38 Incorporating Piezocision in Multidisciplinary Treatment 39 Post‐Operative Care 41 Contraindications for Piezocision 42 Potential Complications 42 5. The Contribution of Periodontics to Endodontic Therapy: The Surgical Management of Periradicular Periodontitis 43 Mani Moulazadeh History and Evolution 43 Tooth Conservation Versus Implants 43 Treatment of Failed Root Canal Therapy 44 Rationale for Endodontic Surgery 44 Indications for Endodontic Surgery 44 Contraindications for Endodontic Surgery 46 Types of Endodontic Surgery 48 Periradicular Surgery 51 Phases of Apicoectomy and Surgical Technique 52 Recall 60 6. The Contribution of Periodontics to Prosthodontics: Treatment Planning of Patients Requiring Combined Periodontal and Prosthodontic Care 61 Haneen N. Bokhadoor, Nawaf J. Al‐Dousari, and Steven Morgano Introduction 61 Diagnostic Phase (Data Collection) 61 Treatment-Planning Phase 63 Final Prognosis 63 Conclusion 105 7. The Contribution of Periodontics to the Correction of Vertical Alveolar Ridge Deficiencies 107 Serge Dibart Alveolar Distraction Osteogenesis Surgery 107 8. Papillary Construction After Dental Implant Therapy 117 Peyman Shahidi, Serge Dibart, and Yun Po Zhang History 117 Indications 117 Contraindications 117 Armamentarium 117 Technique 117 Postoperative Instructions 119 Surgical Indexing 119 Possible Complications 119 Healing 119 9. Dental Implant Placement Including the Use of Short Implants 121 Albert Price and Ming Fang Su History 121 Indications 123 Surgical Technique 123 Implant Placement 125 Site Preparation 125 The Fixture (Implant) Installation 130 Possible Problems and Complications 130 10. Periodontal Medicine Including Biopsy Techniques 137 Vikki Noonan and Sadru Kabani Gingival Nodules 137 Parulis 137 Fibroma 137 Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma 137 Pyogenic Granuloma 138 Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma 138 Diagnosis and Treatment of Reactive Gingival Nodules 139 Gingival Cyst of the Adult 139 Mucocele 139 Desquamative Gingivitis 140 Lichen Planus 140 Pemphigus Vulgaris 141 Mucous Membrane (Cicatricial) Pemphigoid 141 Diagnosis and Treatment of Desquamative Gingival Lesions 142 Plasma Cell Gingivitis 142 Erythema Multiforme 143 Gingival Enlargement 144 Epulis Fissuratum 144 Medication‐Induced Gingival Overgrowth 144 Hyperplastic Gingivitis 144 Leukemia 145 Gingival Fibromatosis 145 Ligneous Gingivitis and Conjunctivitis 145 Wegener’s Granulomatosis 146 Pigmented Lesions 146 Physiologic Pigmentation 146 Medication‐Induced Pigmentation 146 Smoker’s Melanosis 147 Amalgam Tattoo 147 Melanotic Macule 148 Oral Melanoacanthoma (Melanoacanthosis) 148 Oral Melanocytic Nevus 148 Oral Melanoma 149 Sanguinaria‐Induced Leukoplakia 149 Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia 149 Malignant Neoplasia 150 Squamous Cell Carcinoma 150 Verrucous Carcinoma 151 Metastatic Disease 151 Infections 152 Herpes 152 HIV‐Associated Gingivitis 152 Oral Soft Tissue Biopsy Techniques 153 Armamentarium 153 Incisional Scalpel Biopsy 153 Excisional Scalpel Biopsy 154 Biopsy Data Sheet 154 11. Sinus Augmentation Using Tissue‐Engineered Bone 159 Ulrike Schulze‐Späte, Luigi Montesani, and Lorenzo Montesani History 159 Indications 159 Contraindications 160 Armamentarium 160 Sinus Augmentation Using Tissue-Engineered Bone Discs 160 Transplant Implantation Surgery (Sinus Augmentation Procedure Using Tissue-Engineered Bone Discs) 161 Sinus Lift Using Autogenous Mesenchymal Cells Processed Chairside 165 12. Extraction Site Management in the Esthetic Zone: Hard and Soft Tissue Reconstruction 169 Sherif Said Introduction 169 The Influence of Tissue Volume on the Peri‐Implant “Pink” Esthetics 169 Tissue Volume Availability and Requirements 169 Pre‐Operative Implant Site Assessment 172 Tissue Augmentation at the Time of Tooth Extraction 175 Management of Class I Sockets 177 Armamentarium 177 Three‐Dimensional Implant Positioning 179 Selection of the Bone Graft Material 180 Rationale 181 Socket Seal 183 Autogenous Tissue for Concomitant Buccal Volume Augmentation and Socket Seal Procedures 186 Sub‐Epithelial Connective Tissue Graft 186 Compromised Sockets 192 Flapless Ridge Preservation 192 Ridge Preservation Utilizing Barrier Membranes 193 Esthetic Ridge Augmentation 194 Open Flap Approach for Extraction Site Management 197 Site Analysis and Classification 197 Surgical Phase 198 Suturing of the Graft 203 Stabilization of the Graft 205 Closure 205 Managing Implant Tissue Deficiencies 206 Conclusion 210 13. Digital Technologies in Clinical Restorative Dentistry 213 Vygandas Rutkūnas, Rokas Borusevičius, Agnė Gečiauskaitė, and Justinas Pletkus From Conventional to Digital Technologies 213 Digital Solutions for Planning and Manufacturing of Teeth‐Supported Restorations 214 Digital Solutions for Planning and Manufacturing of Implant‐Supported Restorations 223 Future Perspectives 227 Index 233