David R. Gambling is currently a Clinical Professor in Anesthesiology at the University of California San Diego and Sharp Mary Birch Hospital for Women and Newborns in San Diego, California. M. Joanne Douglas is a Clinical Professor Emeritus in the Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver. Grace Lim is an Associate Professor and Chief of Obstetric & Women's Anesthesiology for the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center health system, Pennsylvania.