New Media and Freedom of Expression

1. The Foundations of Free Speech and Freedom of the Press I. Freedom of Speech in the Age of the Internet II. The Category of ‘Speech’ and the Scope of Protection III. Limitation of the Freedom of Speech IV. Freedom of the Press and Media Regulation 2. The Regulation of the Internet and its Gatekeepers in the Context of the Freedom of Speech I. Online Content Providers as ‘Media’ II. The Regulation of Internet Gatekeepers 3. Internet Service Providers I. Introduction II. Obligations of the Internet Service Providers Regarding Illegal Content III. The Problem of Network Neutrality IV. Censorship by Internet Service Providers 4. Search Engines I. Introduction – The Role of Search Engines in Online Public Sphere II. Search Results as Speech III. The Liability of Search Engines for Violations of Personality Rights IV. The Manipulation of Search Results V. Summary 5. Social Media Platforms I. Introduction II. Social Media Platforms and the Democratic Public Sphere III. The Regulation of Platforms by Legislation IV. Private Regulation by Platforms V. Summary 6. Gatekeepers’ Responsibility for Online Comments I. The Case of Online Comments II. The European Court of Human Rights Case Law Relating to Comments – Overview III. The Relevant Criteria in the Cases before the European Court of Human Rights IV. Main Criticism of the Jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights V. The Case of Social Media Comments VI. Summary 7. The Future of Regulating Gatekeepers I. Introduction II. Possible Interpretations of Existing Legal Doctrines Concerning the Public Sphere III. The Possible Models of Future European Regulation IV. Summary