Neuroanatomy and Neuroscience at a Glance

Introduction ix Acknowledgements x List of abbreviations xi Companion website xv Part 1 Anatomical and functional organization 1 1 Development of the nervous system 2 2 Organization of the nervous system 4 3 Autonomic nervous system 6 4 Enteric nervous system 8 5 Meninges and cerebrospinal fluid 10 6 Blood supply to the central nervous system 12 7 Cranial nerves 14 8 Anatomy of the brainstem 16 9 Organization of the spinal cord 18 10 Organization of the cerebral cortex and thalamus 20 11 Hypothalamus 22 Part 2 Cells and neurophysiology 25 12 Cells of the nervous system I: neurones 26 13 Cells of the nervous system II: neuroglial cells 28 14 Ion channels 30 15 Resting membrane and action potential 32 16 Neuromuscular junction and synapses 34 17 Nerve conduction and synaptic integration 36 18 Neurotransmitters, receptors and their pathways 38 19 Main CNS neurotransmitters and their function 40 20 Skeletal muscle structure 42 21 Skeletal muscle contraction 44 Part 3 Sensory systems 47 22 Sensory systems: an overview 48 23 Sensory transduction 50 24 Visual system I: the eye and retina 52 25 Visual system II: the visual pathways and subcortical visual areas 54 26 Visual system III: visual cortical areas 56 27 Auditory system I: the ear and cochlea 58 28 Auditory system II: auditory pathways and language 60 29 Vestibular system 62 30 Olfaction and taste 64 31 Somatosensory system 66 32 Pain systems I: nociceptors and nociceptive pathways 68 33 Pain systems II: pharmacology and management 70 34 Association cortices: the posterior parietal and prefrontal cortex 72 Part 4 Motor systems 75 35 Organization of the motor system 76 36 Muscle spindle and lower motor neurone 78 37 Spinal cord motor organization and locomotion 80 38 Cortical motor areas 82 39 Primary motor cortex 84 40 Basal ganglia: anatomy and physiology 86 41 Basal ganglia: diseases and their treatments 88 42 Cerebellum 91 Part 5 Cognition and neural plasticity 95 43 Reticular formation and sleep 96 44 Limbic system and long-term potentiation 98 45 Memory 100 46 Emotion, motivation and drug addiction 102 47 Neural plasticity and neurotrophic factors I: the peripheral nervous system 104 48 Neural plasticity and neurotrophic factors II: the central nervous system 106 49 Techniques for studying the nervous system 108 Part 6 Applied neurobiology: the principles of neurology and psychiatry 111 50 Approach to the patient with neurological problems 112 51 Examination of the nervous system 114 52 Investigation of the nervous system 116 53 Imaging of the central nervous system 118 54 Clinical disorders of the sensory systems 120 55 Clinical disorders of the motor systems 122 56 Eye movements 124 57 Neurochemical disorders I: affective disorders 126 58 Neurochemical disorders II: schizophrenia 128 59 Neurochemical disorders III: anxiety 130 60 Neurodegenerative disorders 132 61 Neurophysiological disorders: epilepsy 134 62 Neuroimmunological disorders 136 63 Neurogenetic disorders 138 64 Cerebrovascular disease 140 65 Neuroradiological anatomy 142 Part 7 History of neuroscientific discoveries 145 66 Historical neuroscience discoveries 146 Part 8 Self-assessment case studies 149 Case studies and questions 150 Answers 156 Index 161