Modern gas turbine power plants represent one of the most efficient and economic conventional power generation technologies suitable for large-scale and smaller scale applications. Alongside this, gas turbine systems operate with low emissions and are more flexible in their operational characteristics than other large-scale generation units such as steam cycle plants. Gas turbines are unrivalled in their superior power density (power-to-weight) and are thus the prime choice for industrial applications where size and weight matter the most. Developments in the field look to improve on this performance, aiming at higher efficiency generation, lower emission systems and more fuel-flexible operation to utilise lower-grade gases, liquid fuels, and gasified solid fuels/biomass. Modern gas turbine systems provides a comprehensive review of gas turbine science and engineering.
The first part of the book provides an overview of gas turbine types, applications and cycles. Part two moves on to explore major components of modern gas turbine systems including compressors, combustors and turbogenerators. Finally, the operation and maintenance of modern gas turbine systems is discussed in part three. The section includes chapters on performance issues and modelling, the maintenance and repair of components and fuel flexibility.
Modern gas turbine systems is a technical resource for power plant operators, industrial engineers working with gas turbine power plants and researchers, scientists and students interested in the field.
Contributor contact details Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy Part I: Overview of modern gas turbine systems Chapter 1: Introduction to gas turbines Abstract: 1.1 Introduction 1.2 The importance of gas turbines for worldwide CO2 reduction 1.3 Importance of gas turbines for the aviation sector 1.4 Importance of gas turbines for the power generation sector 1.5 Efficiency improvement: impact on other issues 1.5.1 Total life cycle costs: importance of efficiency measures 1.5.2 Technologies for improved gas turbine and system efficiency 1.6 Other trends in gas turbine technology 1.7 Market trends 1.8 Conclusion Chapter 2: Overview of gas turbine types and applications Abstract: 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Gas turbine types by application 2.3 Power generation 2.4 Aero-engines 2.5 Industrial turbines 2.6 Microturbines 2.7 Advantages and limitations 2.8 Future trends Chapter 3: Fundamentals of gas turbine cycles: thermodynamics, efficiency and specific power Abstract: 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Thermodynamic properties of gases 3.3 The Joule–Brayton cycle 3.4 Improvements to the simple cycle 3.5 Combined gas–steam cycles 3.6 Basics of blade cooling 3.7 Conclusion and future trends Part II: Modern gas turbine systems and major components Chapter 4: Compressors in gas turbine systems Abstract: 4.1 Introduction: role of the compressor 4.2 Types of compressor systems 4.3 Stationary gas turbine compressor elements 4.4 Compressor characteristic parameters 4.5 Operational requirements inside a gas turbine 4.6 Compressor design process 4.7 Technological trends and special features 4.8 Acknowledgement 4.10 Appendix: variables and indexes Chapter 5: Combustors in gas turbine systems Abstract: 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Design principles 5.3 Combustor operation 5.4 Fuel flexibility 5.5 Future trends Chapter 6: Turbines for industrial gas turbine systems Abstract: 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Interfaces and integration 6.3 Aerodynamics 6.4 Cooling 6.5 Durability and damage mechanisms 6.6 Typical parts and interfaces 6.7 Future trends Chapter 7: Heat exchangers and heat recovery processes in gas turbine systems Abstract: 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Heat exchange processes 7.3 Heat transfer equipment 7.4 Applications 7.5 Future trends 7.6 Conclusion 7.10 Appendix: nomenclature Chapter 8: Turbogenerators in gas turbine systems Abstract: 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Generator component design 8.3 The history of turbogenerator development 8.4 Design concepts of turbogenerators for modern gas turbines 8.5 Turbogenerator development for gas turbines 8.6 Recent developments 8.7 Future trends 8.8 Acknowledgement Chapter 9: Materials and coatings developments for gas turbine systems and components Abstract: 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Turbine parts 9.3 Combustor parts 9.4 Coatings for hot gas path parts 9.5 Ceramics for hot gas path parts 9.6 Rotor parts 9.8 Appendix: nomenclature Part III: Operation and maintenance of modern gas turbine systems Chapter 10: Gas turbine operation and combustion performance issues Abstract: 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Flame stabilisation mechanisms 10.3 Emissions variations 10.4 Combustion dynamics 10.5 Future trends Chapter 11: Gas turbine performance modelling, analysis and optimisation Abstract: 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Design-point modelling of gas turbine cycles 11.3 Steady flow energy equation 11.4 The ideal simple gas turbine cycle 11.5 Reversibility and efficiency 11.6 Thermophysical properties of air and products of combustion 11.7 Thermodynamic modelling of gas turbine components applicable for practical gas turbine cycles 11.8 Determining component performance using specific heats 11.9 Design-point performance modelling, analysis and performance optimisation of practical (shaft power) gas turbines 11.10 Design-point performance modelling of aero gas turbines, analysis and optimisation 11.11 Component characteristics 11.12 Engine configurations 11.13 Off-design performance prediction 11.14 Transient performance modelling 11.15 Off-design performance behaviour of gas turbine cycles 11.16 Adaptive model-based control 11.17 Future trends Chapter 12: Advanced gas turbine asset and performance management Abstract: 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Gas turbine degradation 12.3 Hot gas path management 12.4 Centre for remote monitoring and diagnostics (CMD) 12.5 E-maintenance and future trends 12.6 Key definitions 12.7 Acknowledgement Chapter 13: Maintenance and repair of gas turbine components Abstract: 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Maintenance factors 13.3 Outage cycle 13.4 Advanced component repair technology 13.5 Compressor cleaning 13.6 Future trends 13.7 Acknowledgement Chapter 14: Fuel flexibility in gas turbine systems: impact on burner design and performance Abstract: 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Primary fuel characterization 14.3 Fuels directly introduced into gas turbine burners 14.4 Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) technology options with and without air-side integration and carbon capture and storage (CCS) 14.5 Characterizing fuel gases 14.6 Measures for extending operation range for fuel gases 14.7 Characterizing liquid fuels 14.8 Future trends Chapter 15: Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage for gas turbine systems Abstract: 15.1 Introduction 15.2 CO2 capture technologies 15.3 Impact of carbon capture and storage (CCS) on current gas turbines 15.4 Novel approaches 15.5 Implementation of carbon capture and storage (CCS) for gas turbines 15.6 Conclusion 15.7 Acknowledgements Chapter 16: Ultra-low nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions combustion in gas turbine systems Abstract: 16.1 Introduction 16.2 The NASA clean combustor programme 16.3 Acoustic resonance and catalytic combustion 16.4 Thermal NOx formation 16.5 Prompt NOx 16.6 Predictions of thermal NOx 16.7 Influence of mixing on thermal NOx 16.8 Impact of fuel-and-air mixing quality on thermal NOx emissions 16.9 Influence of air inlet temperature 16.10 Influence of residence time in premixed combustion: reference velocity and reference Mach number 16.11 Conclusions 16.12 Acknowledgements Index
Dr Peter Jansohn is Manager at the Combustion Research Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland.
