Activist, historian, columnist and writer, widower and father of three, customs officer and teacher in his earlier life, left T&T in 1967 to pursue studies in history and political sciences at Sir George Williams University (now Concordia) in Montreal, Canada. In 1969, he was jailed and then expelled along with other Black Caribbean students and 49 white Canadian students. He has refused since to attend any university. He co-founded and edited UHURU, a Montreal Black Community newspaper. On his return to T&T, he co-founded and led the New Beginning Movement and edited its newspaper, New Beginning. From 1978 to 1983 he edited vanguard, the Organ of the OWTU. He continues to research and write.