A fully updated new edition of this practical guide to managing anesthesia in horses and other equids, providing updated and expanded information in a concise, easy-to-read format
Manual of Equine Anesthesia and Analgesia provides practitioners and veterinary students with concise, highly practical guidance to anesthetizing horses, donkeys, and mules. Using a bulleted quick-reference format, this popular resource covers the basic physiological and pharmacological principles of anesthesia, patient preparation and monitoring, and the management of sedation and anesthesia. Chapters written by leading veterinary anesthesiologists contain numerous clinical images and illustrations, case examples, tables, diagrams, and boxed summaries of important points.
Now in full color, the second edition features extensively revised and updated information throughout. New sections cover chronic pain, management of horses undergoing MRI, ventilators, nerve blocks for reproductive surgery, muscle relaxants, various new drugs, paravertebral anesthesia, treatment of pain using acupuncture and physical rehabilitation techniques, and more. Up-to-date appendices contain drug lists and dosages as well as equations related to equine cardiovascular and respiratory systems. This concise, easy-to-follow guide:
Provides practical, clinically oriented information on anesthetizing equids Uses a bulleted format designed for fast access of key information Offers step-by-step instructions and diagrams of nerve blocks of the limbs, head, and ophthalmic structures Includes new coverage of topics including regulation of extracellular fluid and blood pressure, acid-base disorders, and hemodynamic effects of autonomic drugs
Manual of Equine Anesthesia and Analgesia, Second Edition, remains a must-have resource for all equine practitioners and veterinary students involved with anesthetizing horses.
List of Contributors xi Preface xv Acknowledgments xvi 1 Preoperative Evaluation and Patient Preparation 1 The Risk of Equine Anesthesia 1 Tanya Duke-Novakovski Patient Preparation 5 Tanya Duke-Novakovski 2 Serum Chemistry and Hematology 8 Carla Sommardahl 3 The Cardiovascular System 19 Physiology of the Cardiovascular System 19 Tamara Grubb Evaluation of the Cardiovascular System 36 Daniel G. Kenney 4 The Respiratory System 50 Anatomy of the Equine Respiratory System 50 Robert Reed Physiology of the Respiratory System 55 Carolyn Kerr Evaluation of the Respiratory System 67 Tom Doherty Airway Management 68 Tom Doherty Tracheostomy 78 Tanner Snowden and Jim Schumacher 5 The Renal System 86 Natalie S. Chow 6 Neurophysiology and Neuroanesthesia 98 Tanya Duke-Novakovski 7 The Autonomic Nervous System 110 Christine Egger 8 Electrolyte and Fluid Therapy 119 Electrolytes 119 Rachel A. Reed Fluid Therapy 125 Christopher K. Smith 9 Acid-Base Physiology 137 Traditional Approach 137 Alex Valverde and Tom Doherty Physicochemical Approach 147 Diego E. Gomez and Alex Valverde 10 Hemostasis and Hemotherapy 155 Hemostasis 155 Kira L. Epstein Hemotherapy 162 Kira L. Epstein 11 Thermoregulation 173 Chiara E. Hampton 12 Pharmacology of Drugs Used in Equine Anesthesia 184 Phenothiazines 184 Alicia Skelding Butyrophenones 186 Alicia Skelding α2-Adrenergic Agonists 188 Alicia Skelding Opioids 196 Alicia Skelding Trazadone 205 Alicia Skelding Benzodiazepines 206 Alicia Skelding Guaifenesin 209 Alicia Skelding Ketamine 210 Alicia Skelding Tiletamine and Zolazepam (TZ) 213 Alicia Skelding Alfaxalone 214 Alicia Skelding Propofol 216 Alicia Skelding Barbiturates 218 Alicia Skelding Intravenous lidocaine 219 Patricia Queiroz-Williams Horse-related drug Regulations in Europe 222 Regula Bettschart-Wolfensberger and Simone K. Ringer 13 Inhalational Anesthetics 223 Rachel A. Reed 14 Local Anesthetics 232 Catherine M. Creighton and Leigh Lamont 15 Neuromuscular Blocking Agents in Horses 244 Manuel Martin-Flores and Daniel M. Sakai 16 Non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Corticosteroids 250 Non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs 250 Stephanie Kleine Corticosteroids 259 Stephanie Kleine 17 Anesthetic Machines and Equipment 266 Rachel A. Reed 18 Positioning the Anesthetized Horse 287 Hui Chu Lin 19 Monitoring the Anesthetized Horse 294 Monitoring the Central Nervous System 294 Joanna C. Murrell Cardiovascular Monitoring 300 Alanna N. Johnson Respiratory Monitoring 310 Alanna N. Johnson Anesthetic Agent Monitoring 323 Alanna N. Johnson Monitoring Temperature 324 Chiara E. Hampton Monitoring Neuromuscular Function 328 Manuel Martin-Flores and Daniel M. Sakai 20 Standing Sedation 333 Catherine M. Creighton 21 General Anesthesia Techniques 339 Regula Bettschart-Wolfensberger and Simone K. Ringer 22 Anesthesia of the Head and Neck 352 Anesthesia of the Head 352 Jim Schumacher, John Schumacher, and Ray Wilhite Maxillary Nerve Block in Donkeys 358 Usama Hagag Cervical Plexus Block 363 Luis Campoy 23 Anesthesia of the Eye 369 Daniel S. Ward 24 Anesthesia of the Limbs 376 Jim Schumacher, John Schumacher, and Ray Wilhite 25 Anesthesia of the Perineum and Testicle 396 Pudendal Nerve Block – Electrostimulation Technique 396 Kirsty Gallacher and Luiz Santos Pudendal Nerve Block – Blind Approach 399 Jim Schumacher Local Anesthesia for Castration 400 Philip D. Jones 26 Anesthesia of the Abdominal Wall 404 Thoracolumbar Paravertebral Block (TPVB) – Electrostimulation Technique 404 Luiz Santos and Kirsty Gallacher Paravertebral Nerve Block – Blind Technique 406 Alex Valverde Transversus Abdominis Plane Block 409 Alex Valverde and Flavio SA. Freitag Caudal Intercostal Block for Abdominal Surgery (CIBAS) 413 Benjamin Gingold 27 Epidural Analgesia and Anesthesia 416 Alex Valverde 28 Pathophysiology of Pain 425 Rachel A. Reed 29 Pain Recognition in Horses 431 Karina B. Gleerup, Casper Lindegaard, and Pia Haubro Andersen 30 Management of Pain 450 The Pharmacologic Approach to Pain Management 450 Rachel A. Reed Rehabilitation Modalities for Acute and Chronic Pain in Horses 456 Tena L. Ursini Equine Acupuncture 462 Neal Valk 31 Anesthesia of Foals 472 Tom Doherty and Alex Valverde 32 Anesthesia of Horses with Intestinal Emergencies (Colic) 494 Tom Doherty 33 Anesthesia of the Geriatric Horse 501 Reza M. Seddighi 34 Anesthesia and Pregnancy 511 Lydia Donaldson 35 Anesthesia for Equine Imaging 522 Carrie A. Davis 36 Anesthesia of Donkeys and Mules 543 Anatomic, Physiologic, and Behavioral Differences 543 Suzanne L. Burnham Sedation and Anesthesia of Donkeys and Mules 548 Tom Doherty Donkey Pain Assessment Scales 552 Machteld van Dierendonck and Thijs van Loon 37 Remote Capture of Equids 565 Nigel Caulkett 38 Complications 573 Intraoperative Hypotension 573 Christopher K. Smith and Tom Doherty Intraoperative Hypertension 580 Tom Doherty Hypoxia and Hypoxemia 582 Rachel A. Reed Hypercarbia 588 Tom Doherty Pulmonary Edema as a Consequence of Airway Obstruction 590 Tom Doherty Endotoxemia 592 Tom Doherty Postanesthetic Myopathy 594 Krista B. Mitchell Neuropathy 599 Rachel A. Reed Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis (HYPP) 604 Alanna N. Johnson and Rachel A. Reed Malignant Hyperthermia 609 Alanna N. Johnson and Rachel A. Reed Delayed Awakening and Recovery 611 Tom Doherty Paraphimosis and Priaprism 614 Meggan Graves and Jim Schumacher Anaphylactic and Anaphylactoid Reactions 621 Rachel A. Reed Intra-carotid and Perivascular Injections 624 Rachel A. Reed Equine Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation 627 Genevieve Bussieres 39 Recovery from Anesthesia 633 Bernd Driessen 40 Euthanasia 653 Ron Jones and Tom Doherty Index 661
The editors Tom Doherty, MVB, MSc, Dip ACVAA, is Professor (retired) at the College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee in Knoxville, Tennessee, USA. Alex Valverde, DVM, DVSc, Dip ACVAA, is Professor at Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph in Guelph, Ontario, Canada. Rachel A. Reed, DVM, DACVAA, is Clinical Associate Professor at the College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia in Athens, Georgia, USA.
