F. A. Hayek (1899–1992), recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1991 and cowinner of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics in 1974, was a pioneer in monetary theory and a leading proponent of classical liberalism in the twentieth century. Jeremy Shearmur is a fellow emeritus in philosophy at the Australian National University. His published books include The Political Thought of Karl Popper and Hayek and After: Hayekian Liberalism as a Research Programme, among others.