Jacaranda Chemistry 2 VCE Units 3 and 4, 3e learnON and Print
by Robert Stokes (Gisborne Secondary College)
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About This Resource ix Acknowledgements .xvi Unit 3 How Can Design and Innovation Help to Optimise Chemical Processes? 1 Area of Study 1 What Are the Current and Future Options for Supplying Energy? 1 Carbon-based fuels 3 1.1 Overview 4 1.2 What are fuels? 5 1.3 Thermochemical reactions 24 1.4 Fuel sources for plants and animals 39 1.5 Review 48 2 Measuring changes in chemical reactions 55 2.1 Overview 56 2.2 Fuel calculations 57 2.3 Energy from food and fuels 66 2.4 Calorimetry 73 2.5 Review 88 3 Primary galvanic cells and fuel cells as sources of energy 99 3.1 Overview 100 3.2 Redox reactions 101 3.3 Galvanic cells and the electrochemical series 112 3.4 Energy from primary cells and fuel cells 131 3.5 Calculations involved in producing electricity from galvanic cells and fuel cells 148 3.6 Review 159 Area of Study 1 Review 171 Practice examination 171 Practice school-assessed coursework 177 Area of Study 2 How Can the Rate and Yield of Chemical Reactions Be Optimised? 4 Rates of chemical reactions 179 4.1 Overview 180 4.2 Factors affecting the rate of a chemical reaction 181 4.3 Catalysts and reaction rates 192 4.4 Review 201 5 Extent of chemical reactions 213 5.1 Overview 214 5.2 Reversible and irreversible reactions 215 5.3 Homogeneous equilibria 219 5.4 Calculations involving equilibrium systems 227 5.5 The reaction quotient (Q) 236 5.6 Changes to equilibrium and Le Chatelier’s principle 240 5.7 Review 261 6 Production of chemicals using electrolysis 273 6.1 Overview 274 6.2 What is electrolysis? 275 6.3 Using the electrochemical series in electrolysis 282 6.4 Commercial electrolytic cells 295 6.5 Rechargeable batteries (secondary cells) 304 6.6 Contemporary responses to meeting society’s energy needs 314 6.7 Applications of Faraday’s Laws 327 6.8 Review 335 Area of Study 2 Review 347 Practice examination 347 Practice school-assessed coursework 352 Unit 4 How Are Carbon-based Compounds Designed for Purpose? 353 Area of Study 1 How Are Organic Compounds Categorised and Synthesised? 7 Structure, nomenclature and properties of organic compounds 355 7.1 Overview 356 7.2 Characteristics of the carbon atom 357 7.3 Structure and systematic naming 363 7.4 Functional groups 374 7.5 Isomers 389 7.6 Trends in physical properties 393 7.7 Review 405 8 Reactions of organic compounds 413 8.1 Overview 414 8.2 Substitution, addition and oxidation reactions 415 8.3 Condensation and hydrolytic reactions of esters 425 8.4 Hydrolytic and condensation reactions of biomolecules 434 8.5 The production of chemicals and green chemistry 454 8.6 Review 466 Area of Study 1 Review 475 Practice examination 475 Practice school-assessed coursework 481 Area of Study 2 How Are Organic Compounds Analysed and Used? 9 Laboratory analysis of organic compounds 483 9.1 Overview 484 9.2 Tests for functional groups 485 9.3 Laboratory techniques for analysis of consumer products 496 9.4 Volumetric analysis by redox titration 506 9.5 Review 519 10 Instrumental analysis of organic compounds 527 10.1 Overview 528 10.2 Mass spectrometry 529 10.3 Infrared spectroscopy 540 10.4 NMR spectroscopy 551 10.5 Combining spectroscopic techniques 566 10.6 Chromatography 580 10.7 Review 598 11 Medicinal chemistry 613 11.1 Overview 614 11.2 Structures and isolation of organic medicines 615 11.3 Enzymes and inhibitors 627 11.4 Review 650 Area of Study 2 Review 659 Practice examination 659 Practice school-assessed coursework 666 Area of Study 3 How Is Scientific Inquiry Used to Investigate the Sustainable Production of Energy And/or Materials? 12 Scientific investigations 12.1 Overview 12.2 Key science skills and concepts in chemistry 12.3 Characteristics of scientific methodology and primary data generation 12.4 Health, safety and ethical guidelines 12.5 Quality of data and measurements 12.6 Ways of organising, analysing and evaluating primary data 12.7 Models, theories and the nature of evidence 12.8 The limitations of investigation methodology and conclusions 12.9 Presenting findings using scientific conventions 12.10 Review Area of Study 3 Review Practice past VCAA exam questions focused on key science skills. Answers 673 Glossary 739 Index 749 Appendix Periodic table of the elements 758
