Introduction to Animal Behavior and Veterinary Behavioral Medicine

List of Contributors xiii Acknowledgments xv About the Companion Website xvii Part I Introduction to Animal Behavior and Handling Concepts 1 1 Introduction 3 Meghan E. Herron Why We Study Behavior 3 How We Study Behavior 4 What Comes Next 5 2 The Process of Domestication 7 Carlos A. Driscoll Introduction 7 Animal Domestication 8 Dogs 14 Cats 15 Farm Animals 17 Horses 19 Entrained Beasts 22 Domestication in Fast- Forward: The Farm- Fox Experiment 22 References 24 3 Social Behavior 31 R. Julia Kilgour, Traci Shreyer, and Candace Croney Introduction 31 Evolutionary and Environmental Constraints on Social Behavior 32 The Costs and Benefits of Group Living 32 Types of Social Groupings 36 Conflict in Social Groups 39 Social Structures and Dominance Hierarchies 44 Affiliative Behaviors 47 Parent–Offspring Relationships 50 Conclusion 54 References 55 4 Sensory and Perception 65 Shana Gilbert-Gregory Introduction 65 Vision 66 Audition 73 Olfaction 77 Gustation (Taste) 81 Conclusion 82 References 82 5 Animal Learning 91 Lisa Radosta Introduction 91 Factors Affecting Learning 91 Types of Learning 96 Choosing the Right Training Method 101 Techniques for Changing Behavior 103 Reinforcement Schedules 104 Conclusion 107 References 107 6 The Development of Behavior and the Shaping of the Human–Animal Bond: Dogs 111 Marie Hopfensperger and Jacquelyn Jacobs Introduction 111 Developmental Stages in Dogs 111 Veterinary Care 119 Behavior Support for Clients 121 Managing Typical Puppy Behaviors 123 Conclusion 128 References 128 7 The Development of Behavior and the Shaping of the Human–Animal Bond: Cats 135 Kersti Seksel Introduction 135 Developmental Periods 136 Setting Up for Success 143 Veterinary Experiences 150 Conclusion 151 References 151 8 The Development of Behavior and the Shaping of the Human–Animal Bond: Horses 153 Katherine A. Houpt and Sharon Madere Introduction 153 The Neonatal Period 153 Mare–Foal Communication 156 Early Training 157 Play 158 Sick Foals 159 Foal Rejection 160 The Orphan Foal 160 Weaning 160 Predicting Adult Behavior 162 Additional Problem Prevention Tips 162 References 162 9 Bovine Communication, Handling, and Restraint 165 Kathryn L. Proudfoot Introduction 165 How Cattle Perceive Their World 165 How Cattle Communicate Their Emotions 167 Impact of Human Handlers on Cattle Affective States 170 Cattle Handling and Restraint 172 Cattle Handling in the Real World 175 Conclusion 176 References 176 10 Equine Communication, Handling, and Restraint 181 Jeannine Berger and Kathryn Holcomb Introduction 181 Body Language and Emotional States 181 Tools, Handling Skills, and Procedures 186 Medications to Aide in Handling 200 References 203 11 Canine and Feline Communication, Restraint, and Handling 205 Meghan E. Herron, Allison Shull, Traci Shreyer, and Susan Barrett Introduction 206 Step 1: Assess the Environment 207 Step 2: Assess the Patient’s Comfort Level and Indicators of Intent 214 Step 3: Assess Yourself 215 Step 4: Make a Handling Plan 220 Conclusion 238 References 238 Part II Clinical Concepts in Animal Behavior 241 12 Addressing Canine and Feline Behavior Problems in Clinical Practice: The Art of Behavior Triage 243 Traci Shreyer, Susan Barrett, and Allison Shull Introduction 244 The Importance of Communication 245 The Five Steps of Behavior Triage 246 Setting Up the Behavior-focused Visit 262 Other Important Certifying Organizations 265 References 265 13 Feline Elimination Disorders 269 Amy L. Pike Introduction 269 Normal Elimination Behavior 269 History Taking for Elimination Disorders 272 Ruling Out Medical Disorders 275 Behavior Diagnoses for Undesirable Elimination 276 Approach to Treatment 278 Conclusion 284 References 284 14 Feline Aggression 289 Carlo Siracusa Introduction 289 Neurophysiology of Aggression 289 Aggression As a Normal Social Behavior of Cats 290 When Cat Aggression Becomes a Behavior Problem 292 Physical Disease and Aggression 293 Classification of Cat Aggression 294 General Guidelines for the Treatment of Aggression 296 Using Psychoactive Medication to Treat Affective Aggression 299 Cat Aggression Directed to People 300 Aggression Between Cats 303 References 306 15 Canine Aggression 311 Gabrielle Carter Introduction 311 The Body Language of Aggression 313 Factors that Influence Aggression 315 Making an Aggression Diagnosis 320 General Principles of Treating Aggression Cases in Dogs 326 Prognosis 331 Considerations for Rehoming/Relinquishing/Euthanasia 333 Conclusion 334 References 334 16 Separation-Related Disorders in Dogs 337 Niwako Ogata Introduction 337 Definitions and Variations on Separation-Related Disorders 338 Risk Factors 340 Common Signs 340 Making a Definitive Diagnosis 343 Approach to Treatment 345 Concluding Remarks 348 References 349 17 Equine Aggression 351 Jeannine Berger and Kathy Holcomb Introduction 351 Categories of Aggression 353 Diagnosis and Treatment Summary 361 What to Avoid When Addressing Aggression 363 Medication 363 References 364 Further Reading 365 18 Repetitive Behaviors in Companion Animals 367 Melissa Bain Introduction 367 Definitions and Motivating Factors 367 Specific Repetitive Behaviors 370 Physiological Differentials 373 Gathering a History 375 Treatment 376 Conclusion 380 References 380 19 Repetitive and Other Abnormal Behaviors in Wild Animals Under Human Care 385 Mark Flint and Randall E. Junge Introduction 385 Behavior and Other Domains as a Welfare Indicator 386 Common Abnormal Repetitive Behaviors 388 Applying What We have Learned in Zoos and Wildlife Sanctuaries 391 Prevention, Management, and Treatment 395 Conclusion 399 References 399 20 Repetitive and Other Abnormal Behaviors in Livestock and Horses 403 Emily Miller-Cushon and Carissa Wickens Introduction 403 Behavioral Indicators of Sickness 403 Behavioral Indicators of Pain 404 Cognitive Approaches to Understanding Emotional States 407 Importance of Meeting Behavioral Needs 407 Common Abnormal Behaviors in Horses, Pigs, Cattle, and Poultry 408 Medical Considerations 410 Prevention, Management, and Treatment Concepts 412 References 416 21 Approach to Psychopharmacology in Companion Animals 419 M. Leanne Lilly Introduction 419 Daily Medications 420 Specific Medications 422 Selecting a Daily Medication 425 Event Medications 426 Polytherapy 430 Administering Medications 431 Weaning 432 References 434 22 Chemical Restraint and Sedation in Small Animals 443 M. Leanne Lilly Introduction 443 Medications and Routes 444 Protocols, Combinations, and Decision-Making 450 Safely Getting Injections into Your Patients 451 Achieving and Maintaining Sedation 451 Record Keeping and Communication 455 References 457 23 Behavior Considerations for Aging Dogs and Cats 461 Margaret O’Brian Introduction 461 Sensory Changes 461 Brain Changes 463 Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome 464 References 469 Appendix A: Books to Keep in Practice – Clinical Textbook Recommendations 471 Appendix B: Teaching Your Cat to Like the Carrier 473 Lisa Radosta Glossary 475 Index 483