Tianen Wang is a Professor of Philosophy at Shanghai University with a Ph.D. from Wuhan University. His current research interests concern an integrated philosophical and scientific investigation of information, big data, and artificial intelligence based on systemic research on theories of description and stipulation. Xi Wang is a lecturer at the School of Computer Engineering and Science, Shanghai University. She received her Ph.D. degree from Hosei University, Japan. Her research interests include software engineering and machine learning.