Industrial Policy and the World Trade Organization

Part I. General Tools of Industrial Policy: 1. Industrial policy under the global trade regime; 1.1. The conceptual framework for industrial policy; 1.2. The multilateral trading system and industrial policy; 1.3. Concluding remarks; 2. Protection of domestic industry; 2.1. Border restrictions; 2.2. Taxes; 2.3. Product standards; 2.4. Protection of services industries; 2.5. Concluding remarks; 3. Promotion of domestic industry; 3.1. The economics of government subsidies; 3.2. The WTO subsidy regime; 3.3. Industrial policies in upstream sectors; 3.4. Concluding remarks; Part II. Special Topics of Industrial Policy: 4. Free zones and industrial development; 4.1. Free zones as an industrial policy tool; 4.2. Free zones under the revised Kyoto Convention; 4.3. Free zones under WTO rules; 4.4. Customs and trade rules: some questions of concurrent application; 4.5. Concluding remarks; 5. Local content requirements and industrialization; 5.1. LCRs and world practice; 5.2. Review of the economic literature; 5.3. The scope of the WTO-applicability to LCRs; 5.4. Legality of LCRs under WTO rules; 5.5. Data localization requirements as an emerging issue; 5.6. Concluding remarks; 6. The greening of industrial policy; 6.1. Environmental dimensions of industrial policy and trade; 6.2. Border carbon adjustments; 6.3. Renewable energy subsidies; 6.4. Environmental labels; 6.5. Environmental exceptions under GATT Article XX; 6.6. Harmonization of the trade and environmental regimes; 6.7. Concluding remarks; 7. Industrial policy in the age of creative economy; 7.1. Creative economy as a new paradigm of industrial policy; 7.2. The status of creative products under the WTO legal framework; 7.3. Creative economy and technological progress under WTO law; 7.4. Policy space for trade restrictions on creative products; 7.5. Concluding remarks.