Herbal Nutraceuticals

About the Editors xvii List of Contributors xix Preface xxv 1 Plants Based Nutraceuticals: An Overview 1 Dheeraj Bisht, Vikas Bhatt, Rajeshwar Kamal Kant Arya, Shikha Yadav, Deepak Kumar, Sudhir Pratap Singh, and Santosh Kumar Upadhyay 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Historical Background Behind Nutraceutical Investigations 2 1.3 Pervasive Requisition for Nutraceuticals 3 1.4 Classification of Nutraceuticals 3 1.5 Popularly Found Herbs Utilized as Nutraceuticals 6 1.6 Utility of Nutraceuticals in Cure of Different Diseases 9 1.7 Current Status of Nutraceuticals 15 1.8 Challenges and Future Aspects 15 1.9 Conclusion 16 References 16 2 Herbal Nutraceutical as Alternative Medicine 23 Alok Sharma, Madhu, Sapna Avinash Kondalkar, Ajay Kumar Meena, and Santosh Kumar Upadhyay 2.1 Introduction 23 2.2 Classification of Nutraceuticals 24 2.3 Types of Herbal Nutraceuticals Used as Alternative Medicine 27 2.4 Conclusions 35 Acknowledgments 35 References 35 3 Significance of Nutraceuticals in Modern Health Maintenance and Disease Prevention 47 Mahra Mohammad Moosa Ali Alblooshi, Kok Song Lai, Swee Hua Erin Lim, and Shamshul Ansari 3.1 Introduction 47 3.2 Plant based Nutraceuticals 48 3.3 Plant based Nutraceuticals in the Middle East 49 3.4 Modified Versus Organic Plant based Nutraceuticals 50 3.5 The Preventive Potency of Plant based Nutraceuticals 50 3.6 Prospective Developments in Plant based Functional Foods: Global and Middle Eastern Perspectives 53 3.7 Conclusions 54 References 54 4 Applications of Spices in Nutraceuticals 59 Ashwini Prabhu 4.1 Introduction 59 4.2 Benefits of Spices as Nutraceuticals 60 4.3 Conclusions 68 References 69 5 Antioxidant Properties of Food Plants, Spices, Beverages, and Nutraceuticals—Health and Anti aging Potentials 77 Michael Wink 5.1 Introduction 77 5.2 Reactive Oxygen Species and Health Implications 79 5.3 Antioxidant Molecules from Nature 90 5.4 Antioxidant Activities in the Model System Caenorhabditis elegans 91 5.5 Potential Health Benefits of Herbal Products with Antioxidant Properties 93 5.6 Conclusions 94 Acknowledgments 95 References 95 6 Nutraceuticals with Antidiabetic Potentials from Plants 107 Roman Lysiuk, Serhii Oliinyk, Andrii Boiko, Iryna Lozynska, Petro Oliinyk, and Andrian Boiko 6.1 Introduction 107 6.2 Types of Diabetes 108 6.3 Flavonoids in Ameliorating of Diabetes Mellitus Complications 109 6.4 Diabetic Cardiomyopathy 110 6.5 Diabetic Nephropathy 111 6.6 Diabetic Neuropathy 113 6.7 Diabetic Retinopathy 113 6.8 Diabetic Skin Ulcer 114 6.9 Improvement of Bioavailability of Flavonoids 114 6.10 Plant derived Nutraceuticals with Antidiabetic Potentials 115 6.11 Conclusions 123 References 124 7 Herbal Wine and Health Benefits 135 Sonia Morya, Gopika S. Pillai, Abishek Dinesh, Amenah S. Alotaibi, Hanan A. Alatawi, and Farid Menaa 7.1 Introduction 135 7.2 Defining Concept of Herbal Wines 135 7.3 Historical Roots 136 7.4 Emerging Trends of Herbal Wine 136 7.5 The Herbal Component 137 7.6 Selection of Herbs 137 7.7 Techniques for Incorporating Herbs into the Wine Matrix 145 7.8 Significance of Herbal Wine in Human Health 147 7.9 Future Prospective of Herbal Wine 148 7.10 Conclusion 149 References 149 8 Plant-based Nutraceuticals with Anticarcinogenic Potential 155 Omar S. Al Odat, Gabriella Yao, Nicole K. Schmalbach, Daniel A. Guirguis, Osama Aloudat, Patrick A. Newport Ratiu, Subash C. Jonnalagadda, and Manoj K. Pandey 8.1 Journey of Nutraceuticals: From Folklores to Linchpins 155 8.2 Therapeutic Nutraceuticals for the Treatment of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer 156 8.3 A Cancer and Inflammation Savior: Curcumin 164 8.4 Conclusion and Future Direction 173 Author’s Contributions 173 Financial Support and Sponsorship 173 Abbreviations 174 References 175 9 Nano-based Herbal Nutraceuticals Against Different Diseases 187 Priyanku Pradip Das, Mehak Thakur, Dheeraj Bisht, Rajeshwar Kamal Kant Arya, Shavkatjon Azizov, H. Lalhlenmawia, and Deepak Kumar 9.1 Introduction 187 9.2 Plant mediated Nanoparticles as Antioxidant Agents 188 9.3 Plant-mediated Nanoparticles as Anti inflammatory Agents 189 9.4 Plant mediated Nanoparticles as Antimicrobial Agents 191 9.5 Plant mediated Nanoparticles as Antidiabetic Agents 192 9.6 Plant mediated Nanoparticles as Antihypertensive Agents 192 9.7 Plant mediated Nanoparticles as Anti obesity Agents 193 9.8 Conclusion and Future Direction 194 References 194 10 The Flavorful World: Exploring the Applications of Spices in Nutraceuticals 201 Anuradha and Navneeta Bharadvaja 10.1 Introduction 201 10.2 Chemistry of Compounds Specific to Spices 202 10.3 Role of Spices as Nutraceuticals 204 10.4 Conclusion 207 References 208 11 Carotenoids: Their Sources, Bioactivity, and Application in Industry 211 Irwandi Jaswir, Dedi Noviendri, Mohd Aznan Md Aris, Soraya Ismail, Widya Lestari, Noraihan Mat Harun, and Ridar Hendri 11.1 Introduction 211 11.2 Sources of Carotenoid 213 11.3 Carotenoids Bioactivity 217 11.4 Carotenoid Applications in Industry 221 11.5 Conclusions 223 Acknowledgments 223 References 223 12 Nutraceuticals in Legumes 229 Rajan Katoch, Ankur Tripathi, Neelam Thakur, and Kiran 12.1 Introduction 229 12.2 Legumes: A Superfood for Combating Malnutrition and Hunger 230 12.3 Nutritional Profile of Legumes 231 12.4 Nutraceutical Compounds in Legumes 232 12.5 Nonnutritive Bioactive Compounds 234 12.6 Nutraceutical Activities of Bioactive Compounds Present in Legumes 240 12.7 Nutraceutical Uses of Legumes in Traditional Medicine System 241 12.8 Legume based Nutritionally Fortified Food 242 12.9 Conclusion 242 References 243 13 Nutraceutical Potential of Herbal Beverages 251 Anoma Chandrasekara, Sashya Diyapaththugama, and Fereidoon Shahidi 13.1 Introduction 251 13.2 Bioactive Compounds in Herbal Beverages 254 13.3 Bioactivities of Herbal Beverages 256 13.4 Antioxidant Properties of Herbal Beverages 256 13.5 Herbal Beverages in Asia 257 13.6 Tropical Fruit Herbal Beverages 260 13.7 Herbal Beverages in Africa 261 13.8 Herbal Beverages in South America 262 13.9 Herbal Beverages in Europe 263 13.10 Conclusions 263 References 264 14 Nutraceuticals Present in Edible Oils 271 Rupasree Mukhopadhyay and Shruti Kabra 14.1 Introduction 271 14.2 Edible Oils and Their Uses 273 14.3 Important Nutraceuticals Present in Edible Oils 278 14.4 Conclusion 291 References 292 15 Nutraceuticals from Conventional and Nonconventional Fruits 309 Karishma Sebastian, Manjula Belagihalli Siddalingappa, Jeevitha Devaraju, and Panneer Selvam Ranchana 15.1 Introduction 309 15.2 Apple 310 15.3 Peach 310 15.4 Plum 310 15.5 Apricot 310 15.6 Sweet Cherry 310 15.7 Mango 311 15.8 Banana 311 15.9 Citrus 312 15.10 Grapes 312 15.11 Guava 312 15.12 Papaya 312 15.13 Pineapple 313 15.14 Sapota 313 15.15 Annona 313 15.16 Pomegranate 314 15.17 Dates 314 15.18 Avocado 314 15.19 Aonla 314 15.20 Strawberry 315 15.21 Kiwifruit 315 15.22 Rambutan 315 15.23 Mangosteen 316 15.24 Litchi 316 15.25 Longan 316 15.26 Blueberry 316 15.27 Raspberry 317 15.28 Walnut 317 15.29 Fig 317 15.30 Olive 318 15.31 Jamun 318 15.32 Passionfruit 318 15.33 Phalsa 318 15.34 Acerola 319 15.35 Mulberry 319 15.36 Prickly Pear 319 15.37 Sea Buckthorn 320 15.38 Bael 320 15.39 Conclusions 322 References 322 16 Nutraceutical Potential of Staple Food Crops 329 Aroma Joshi, Arun Kumar Gupta, Avinash Kumar Jha, Bindu Naik, Vijay Kumar, and Sarvesh Rustagi 16.1 Introduction 329 16.2 Overview of Major Staple Food Crops and Their Nutritional Composition 330 16.3 Bioactive Compounds Present in Staple Cereal Crops 330 16.4 Health Benefits of Staple Food Crops 333 16.5 Emerging Trends in Staple Food Crop Research 335 16.6 Importance of Educating Consumers About the Nutraceutical Potential 338 16.7 Importance of Promoting Staple Food Crops as Nutraceutical Sources 339 16.8 Future Scope and Conclusion 339 References 340 17 Pseudocereals Nutraceuticals 347 Sonia Morya, Aniket More, Arno Neumann, and Shikha Chauhan 17.1 Introduction 347 17.2 Types and Classification of Pseudocereals 348 17.3 Nutritional Composition of Pseudocereals 355 17.4 Health Benefits of Pseudocereals 355 17.5 Functional Properties and Nutraceutical Potential 360 17.6 Challenges and Opportunities 363 17.7 Conclusion 364 References 364 18 Safety Concerns Associated with Microalgal Nutraceuticals 373 Freny Shah, Niranjan Mishra, Kanti Bhooshan Pandey, and Sandhya Mishra Abbreviations 373 18.1 Introduction 373 18.2 Market Trends 374 18.3 Microalgal Source and Nutrient Profile 375 18.4 Functional Foods with Microalgae 376 18.5 Safety Concerns and Measures to be Followed 376 18.6 Applications of Microalgal Nutraceuticals 377 18.7 Problems of Contamination 380 18.8 Future Scope 380 18.9 Conclusion 381 Acknowledgments 381 References 382 19 Toxicity Evaluation of Nutraceuticals 387 Sonia Morya, Farid Menaa, and Sharvary Arun Vichare 19.1 Introduction 387 19.2 Emerging Trends and Future Prospects 398 19.3 Conclusion 399 References 399 Index 405