Heat and Cold Storage 2 focuses on thermochemical sorption storage processes – that is, absorption, adsorption and chemical sorption.
This book first analyzes the principles of sorption and defines the criteria for selecting the materials to be used, before presenting the three sorption storage technologies. It details the functioning of the absorption cycle in order to highlight the future challenges of this method. Next, the book examines storage by physical adsorption. Then, it presents the fundamentals of this phenomenon and a description of solid-gas adsorption cycles and systems, followed by a number of examples of prototype installations. Finally, the book describes the phenomenon of heat storage by chemical sorption from the scale of the reactive material to the scale of the process, before putting the state of the art of possible improvements into perspective and illustrating various applications.
Foreword ix Philippe MARTY Chapter 1. Materials for Thermochemical and Sorption Heat Storage 1 Kokouvi Edem N’TSOUKPOE 1.1. Introduction 1 1.2. Definitions and key concepts 4 1.3. Material selection criteria and review of important characteristics for a thermochemical heat storage material 8 1.3.1. Selection and overview of key material properties by application 8 1.3.2. Important considerations about certain characteristics and selection criteria for thermochemical heat storage materials 10 1.4. Description of the thermodynamic equilibrium of sorption materials 15 1.4.1. The case of chemisorption 15 1.4.2. The case of physisorption 18 1.5. Overview of the main materials studied in the context of thermochemical energy storage 25 1.5.1. Sorbates 25 1.5.2. Sorption pairs 26 1.6. Introduction to the issue of heat and mass transfer in solid-gas storage materials 55 1.6.1. Kinetics of the adsorption phenomenon or solid-gas reaction 55 1.6.2. Improvements to the characteristics of thermochemical heat storage materials 60 1.7. Overview of material characterization for thermochemical heat storage applications 66 1.7.1. Determination of thermodynamic equilibrium conditions 66 1.7.2. Determination of enthalpies 74 1.8. References 77 Chapter 2. Heat Storage Using Absorption Processes 95 Nolwenn LE PIERRÈS 2.1. Absorption processes: the principle 96 2.1.1. AHPs 96 2.1.2. Components of the one-stage AHP cycle 98 2.1.3. Operating conditions of AHPs 100 2.2. Methods for storing heat by absorption 103 2.2.1. Design of a system for storing heat by absorption 103 2.2.2. Operating conditions 108 2.2.3. Performance indicators 111 2.3. Reactors 114 2.3.1. Absorption reactors using tubes 117 2.3.2. Absorption reactors using plates 119 2.4. Intensified storage cycles 120 2.4.1. Intensification through the crystallization of the solution 121 2.4.2. Intensification through modifying the cycle: two-stage cycles 124 2.5. Integration of absorption storage systems: case studies 131 2.5.1. Integration of absorption heat storage systems in solar buildings 132 2.5.2. Integration of absorption heat storage systems into a decentralized microgrid 135 2.6. Conclusion 137 2.7. References 138 Chapter 3. Heat Storage Using Adsorption Processes 143 Larysa RATEL, Kevyn JOHANNES and Frédéric KUZNIK 3.1. Introduction 143 3.2. Overview of heat storage by adsorption 144 3.2.1. Principle of the operation of adsorption materials 144 3.2.2. Classification of systems 145 3.2.3. Integration of storage systems in buildings 156 3.3. Existing prototypes of sorption heat storage 160 3.3.1. Closed systems 160 3.3.2. Open systems 165 3.4. System performances: an analysis of the prototypes presented 176 3.5. The influence of kinetics 179 3.6. Real-scale systems 182 3.7. Conclusion 184 3.8. References 185 Chapter 4. Heat Storage by Chemical Sorption Processes 195 Antoine PERRIGOT, Driss STITOU and Maxime PERIER-MUZET 4.1. Introduction 195 4.2. History of chemical sorption systems 196 4.3. Principles of the operation of thermochemical systems 197 4.3.1. The phenomenon of chemical sorption and reagents 198 4.3.2. Thermochemical reactor 203 4.3.3. Typical method for thermochemical storage 207 4.4. Advanced thermochemical processes 219 4.4.1. Heat recovery cycles 219 4.4.2. Mass recovery cycles 221 4.4.3. Multi-effect thermochemical processes in thermal cascades 221 4.4.4. Hybrid thermal/mechanical cycles 222 4.5. Diversification of applications with storage 223 4.5.1. Heating 223 4.5.2. Production of cold 225 4.5.3. Simultaneous cold/heat/work generation 226 4.5.4. Integration with a microgrid 227 4.6. Conclusion 227 4.7. References 227 List of Authors 233 Index 235 Summary of Volume 1 241
Nolwenn Le Pierrès is a professor at the Université Savoie Mont Blanc, France. She also teaches Energy at the Polytech Annecy-Chambéry engineering school and is a researcher in the LOCIE laboratory at the Institut National de l’Energie Solaire. Lingai Luo is a CNRS research director who has developed an original research strategy for optimizing energy systems, using a multi-scale approach combined with an innovative fluid distribution optimization method.
