Handbook of Package Engineering

Chapter 1 Elements of Packaging Introduction Fields of Packaging State of the Art The Newest Challenge The Packaging Function Preparation for a Packaging Career The Packaging Professional Successful Package Design Handbook Structure 1. Chapter 2 Paper and Paperboard History The Structure of Wood Making Pulp Processing Pulp Papermaking Papermaking Machines Type of Paper Types of Paperboard Chapter 3 Films and Foils Introduction Film Production Methods Common Packaging Films and Uses Speciality Films Metal Foils Chapter 4 Coating and Lamination of Flexible Materials Introduction History Coating Techniques Coating Materials Laminations Chapter 5 Bags, Sacks, and Pouches Introduction Advantages and Disadvantages Types of Paper Bags Design Considerations Types of Plastic Bags Filling Methods Types of Pouches Pouch Applications Chapter 6 Folding Cartons and Set-up Boxes Introduction History Advantages and Disadvantages The Materials Folding Carton Design Carton Manufacture Carton Filling Printing Methods Set-up Boxes Chapter 7 Fibre Tubes, Cans, and Drums Composite Cans and Tubes Fibre Drums Chapter 8 Plastics General Background History General Chemistry General Properties and Testing Plastic Properties Plastic Additives Selected Plastics for Packaging Plastic Processes Plastic Drums Coatings and Coextrusion Decoration Testing Chapter 9 Glassware History Advantages and Disadvantages Chemistry of Glass Mechanical Properties of Glass Design Considerations Finishes Manufacturing Labeling Decorating Tubing Products Chapter 10 Metal Containers History Advantages and Disadvantages Can Materials Can Manufacturing Types of Cans Decorating Aluminum Trays Collapsible Tubes Steel Drums and Pails Chapter 11 Pressurized Packaging History Advantages and Disadvantages Principles of Operation Selection Criteria Labels Filling Processes Specifications Testing Pumps and Sprayers Chapter 12 Labeling and Decorating Introduction History Label Materials Label Storage Types of Labels Printing/Decorating Processes Label Design Label Costs Adhesives Chapter 13 Caps and Seals History Screw Caps Lug Caps Crowns Dispensing Caps Special Functions Corks Rubber Closure Liners Inner Seals Container Seals Chapter 14 Corrugate Fiberwood History Box Construction Board Construction Design Considerations Closing and Sealing Testing Chapter 15 Wood Containers Introduction History and Statistics Characteristics of Wood Advantages and Disadvantages Selection Criteria Nailed Boxes Wirebound Boxes and Crates Crates Baskets Barrels Pallets Pallet Containers Chapter 16 Cushioning History Required Data Cushioning Materials Selecting a Cushioning Method Chapter 17 Machinery Selection and Specification General Considerations The Systems Approach Selection of Equipment Line Layout The Machine Manufacturer Type of Machines Machine Ordering and Scheduling Chapter 18 Preshipment Testing Introduction Fundamentals Testing Equipment Distribution Testing Chapter 19 Quality Control Introduction Quality Control Incoming Material Sampling Chapter 20 Laws and Regulations Introduction History Basic Legal Procedure Packaging Regulations Government Packaging Other Laws and Regulations Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights Chapter 21 Packaging and the Environment History The Current Situation Recycling of Packaging Source Reduction Packaging Reuse Biodegradable Packaging Certification Programs Foreign Packaging Waste Regulations ABOUT THE AUTHORS Joseph F. Hanlon A Rutgers University graduate in chemistry, Joseph F. Hanlon had a distinguished career in packaging, beginning at White Laboratories where he started a packaging department in 1935. He went on to work for Johnson & Johnson, where he also established a packaging department and then held packaging positions at both American Cyanamid and Hoffman-LaRoche. After 10 years at Hoffman-LaRoche, he spent another decade consulting in the legal aspects of packaging. The Handbook of Package Engineering, which was first published in 1973, quickly became the basic reference text for packaging professionals and students. He revised the book for a second edition in 1983 and was at work on the third edition at the time of his death in 1996. He was elected to the Packaging Education Forum's Packaging Hall of Fame later that year for his contributions to the packaging profession. Robert J. Kelsey Bob Kelsey holds a degree in food technology, a co-major in bacteriology and minors in both chemistry and process engineering from the University of Massachusetts, a certificate in mechanical engineering from the U.S. Navy, and certificates for courses in electronic engineering from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Early in his career, he served as engineering editor of Food Engineering. At Modern Packaging magazine, he was successively engineering editor, editor-in-chief, and executive editor. He helped establish the Center for Packaging Science and Engineering at Rutgers University, where he has served as an adjunct professor of Packaging Law and Regulation. Since 1973, he has been president of Kelsey Corp., a consulting engineering firm specializing in structural packaging design and machine systems engineering. In 1990 he was elected to the Packaging Education Forum's Packaging Hall of Fame. He is a Fellow of the Institute of Packaging Professionals, a Lifetime Member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and belongs to the Society of Manufacturing Engineers' Machine Vision and Robotics International Divisions, and the American Society for Testing Materials Committees F-2 and D-10 for flexible and corrugated packaging. He is a long-time member of IoPP's Eastern Equipment Committee. Hallie E. Forcinio Hallie Forcinio has worked as a freelance journalist since January 1993. A specialist in packaging topics and technology issues, she writes regularly for Pharmaceutical Technology and BrandMarketing. She also is a contributor to Automatic ID News, Managing Automation and Packaging Technology & Engineering magazines. Her communications career includes 10 years as an editor on Food & Drug Packaging. She is a member of the Institute of Packaging Professionals, the International Packaging Press Organisation, the Interational Association of Business Communicators and the American Society of Business Press Editors. She has been listed in Who's Who in the Midwest, Who's Who of Emerging Leaders in America, Who's Who in the Media and Communications and Who's Who of American Women. An award-winning journalist, her publications experience began in college on the campus newspaper. She is a cum laude graduate of Baldwin-Wallace College, a liberal arts school in Berea, Ohio.