Tuberculosis remains one of the most prevalent, deadly, and underdiagnosed infectious diseases in the world. In children, this burden is doubly problematic because of the disease's unique clinical characteristics and its need for special public health and diagnostic techniques. After decades of relative inattention to these factors, childhood tuberculosis has now grown into an important area of competency for child health programs in low-burden areas, including the United States. The Handbook of Child and Adolescent Tuberculosis is a state-of-the-art clinical reference written and edited by the world's leading experts in childhood tuberculosis. It offers clinicians in any geography or setting practical, evidence-based advice on all aspects of the disease, including its natural history, epidemiology, presentation, treatment, and prevention -- all in a format that synthesizes literature with the clinical experience of the leading authorities in this challenging field. As the need for childhood tuberculosis services in child health programs grows, this handbook provides a new benchmark for practitioners and trainees in pediatrics, infectious disease, pulmonary medicine, and public health to better understand this persisting and difficult disease.
Preface About the editors List of Abbreviations Contributors 1. A Brief History of Childhood Tuberculosis Peter R. Donald 2. Microbiology and Pathology of Tuberculosis Anne-Marie Demers, Andrew C. Whitelaw, Kathleen D. Eisenach 3. Immunology of Tuberculosis Beate Kampmann, Elizabeth Whittaker 4. Natural History of Childhood Tuberculosis Ben J. Marais 5. Global Epidemiology of Childhood Tuberculosis Charalambos Sismanidis, Philille Glaziou, Malgosia Grzemska, Katherine Floyd, Mario Raviglione 6. Diagnosis of Tuberculosis Infection in Children Anna M. Mandalakas, Andrew DiNardo 7. Microbiologic Diagnosis of Tuberculosis Disease in Children Mark P. Nicol, Heather J. Zar 8. Radiology of Childhood Tuberculosis Savvas Andronikou, Tracy Kilborn 9. Diagnosis of Intrathoracic Tuberculosis Carlos M. Perez-Velez 10. Diagnosis of the Most Common Forms of Extrathoracic Tuberculosis in Children H. Simon Schaaf, Anthony J. Garcia-Prats 11. Central Nervous System Tuberculosis in Children Ronald van Toorn 12. Tuberculosis in Adolescents Andrea T. Cruz 13. Tuberculosis in Neonates and Infants Adrie Bekker 14. Tuberculosis in HIV-infected and -Exposed Infants, Children and Adolescents Helena Rabie, Mark F. Cotton 15. Antituberculosis Drugs in Children Helen McIlleron 16. Treatment of Tuberculosis Infection in Children Amina Ahmed 17. Management of Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis in Children Soumya Swaminathan, N. Poorana Ganga Devi 18. Management of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Children James Seddon 19. Tuberculosis Vaccines: the old and the New Kim Connelly Smith, Ian M. Orme, Jeffrey R. Starke 20. Mycobacterium bovis [non-BCG] in Children Jeffrey R. Starke 21. Public Health and Programmatic Issues for Childhood Tuberculosis Jeffrey R. Starke 22. The Roadmap for Childhood Tuberculosis Stephen M. Graham, Anne Detjen Index
Jeffrey R. Starke, MD, has been the Director of the Children's Tuberculosis Clinic at Ben Taub General Hospital and Texas Children's Hospital for 30 years. He has published over 110 articles and 40 chapters on childhood tuberculosis. He has served on numerous advisory and guideline groups, and is a former Chairman of the U.S. CDC Advisory Council for the Elimination of Tuberculosis. His wife, Joan Shook, is also a pediatrician and all three of their children are in various stages of medical training. Peter R. Donald, MD, is Emeritus Professor in the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa. He is active in various tuberculosis research activities focused on anti-tuberculosis drug assessment in adults and children and various aspects of the management and treatment of childhood tuberculosis. He continues to lecture on childhood tuberculosis throughout the world.
