German Expressionism

"Illustrations Photo Credits Acknowledgments Introduction PART ONE: Early Manifestations I First Identifiers Introduction 1. Carl Vinnen, ""Quonsque Tandem,"" from A Protest of German Artists, 1911 2. Wilhelm Worringer, ""The Historical Development ofModern Art, "" The Struggle for Art: The Answer to the ""Protest of German Artists,"" 1911 3. Paul Ferdinand Schmidt, ""The Expressionists,"" Der Sturm, 1912 4. Richart Reiche, ""Foreword,"" International Exhibition of the Sonderbund, Cologne, 1912 5. Max Deri, ""Cubists and Expressionism,"" Pan, 1912 II The Briicke Introduction 6. E.L. Kirchner: program of the artist group, Briicke, 1906; ""Chronicle of the Briicke,"" 1913; letter to Erich Heckel and Max Pechstein, March 31, 1910; letters to Gustav Schiefler, June 27, 1911 and March 16, 1913 7. Karl Schmidt-Rottluff, postcard to Cuno Amiet, January 8, 1909, and letter to Gustav Schiefler, ca. 1913 8. Erich Heckel letters to Franz Marc, Spring 1912 to Winter 1912/13 9. Max Pechstein (transcribed by W. Heymann), ""What Is Picasso Up To?"", Pan, 1912 III Neue Kiinstler Vereinigung Miinchen and the Blaue Reiter Introduction 10. Wassily Kandinsky, ""Foreword,"" Neue Kiinstler Vereinigung exhibition catalogue, 1909-10, and untitled essay, The Struggle for Art: The Answer to the ""Protest of German Artists"", 1911 11. Kubin-Kandinsky letters, May 5, 1910, and August 13, 1911 12. Wassily Kandinsky and Franz Marc, preface (not printed), ca. October 1911, for the Blaue Reiter almanac; and Franz Marc, subscription prospectus, January 1912, for the Blaue Reiter almanac 13. Franz Marc letter to Reinhard Piper, April 20, 1910, and to Wassily Kandinsky, October 5, 1912 14. Paul Klee, ""Exhibition of the Modern League in the Zurich Kunsthaus,"" Die Alpen, 1912 IV Der Sturm Introduction 15. Herwarth Walden, ""Introduction,"" First German Autumn Salon, 1913, and letter from August Macke, April 21, 1913 16. Adolf Behne, ""German Expressionists, Lecture for the Opening of the New Sturm Exhibition,"" Der Sturm, 1914 17. [Rudolf Bliimner], from Der Sturm: An Introduction, 1917 Notes Part One PART TWO: The Expansion of Expressionism I German Criticism through World War I Introduction 77 18. Ludwig Rubiner, ""Painters Build Barricades,"" Die Aktion, 1914 19. Paul Fechter, from Der Expressionismus, 1914 20. Theodor Daubler, ""Expressionism,"" Der neue Standpunkt, 1916 21. Hermann Bahr, from Expressionismus, 1916 22. G. F. Hartlaub, ""Art and the New Gnosis,"" Das Kunstblatt, 1917 II Painting Introduction 23. Essays by Franz Marc and Max Beckmann in Pan, 1912 24. Ludwig Meidner, ""An Introduction to Painting the Metropolis,"" Kunst und Kiinstler, 1914 25. Johannes Molzahn, ""The Manifesto of Absolute Expressionism,"" Der Sturm, 1919 III Sculpture by Stephanie Barron Introduction 26. Ernst Barlach, excerpts from letters and diary, 1911-15 27. Carl Einstein, from Negerplastik, 1915 28. [Rudolf Bliimner], ""Expressionist Sculpture,"" 1917, and Oswald Herzog, ""Abstract Expressionism,"" Der Sturm, 1919 29. L. de Marsalle [E. L. Kirchner], ""On the Sculpture of E.L. Kirchner,"" Der Cicerone, 1925   IV Expressionist Architecture by Rosemarie Haag Bletter Introduction 30. Bruno Taut, ""A Necessity,"" Der Sturm, 1914 31. Paul Scheerbart, from Glass Architecture, 1914 32. Bruno Taut, from Alpine Architecture, 1919 33. Erich Mendelsohn, letter to Luise Mendelsohn, August 26, 1917, and extract from Arbeitsrat lecture, ""The Problem of a New Architecture,"" 1919 34. From the Glass Chain letters: Bruno Taut, November 24, 1919; Paul Goesch, May 1920; Wenzil Hablik, July 22, 1920 V Printmaking by Ida Katherine Rigby Introduction 35. Gustav Hartlaub, from The New German Print, 1920 36. L. de Marsalle [E. L. Kirchner], ""On Kirchner's Prints,"" Genius, 1921 37. Paul Westheim, ""Kokoschka's Prints,"" Das graphische Jahrbuch, 1919 38. Rosa Schapire, ""Schmidt-Rottluff's Religious Woodcuts,""Die Rote Erde, 1919 39. Paul F. Schmidt, ""Max Beckmann's Hell,"" Der Cicerone, 1920 Notes Part Two PART THREE: War, Revolution, and Expressionism The War Experience by Ida Katherine Rigby Introduction 40. Franz Marc, letters from the front, 1914-15 41. Kathe Kollwitz, letter and diary entries, 1914, 1916, 1917, 1920, 1922 42. Conrad Felixmiiller, ""Military Hospital Orderly Felixmiiller,"" Menschen, 1918 43. Ludwig Meidner, ""Hymn of Brotherly Love,"" from September-Cry, 1920 II Critics, Artists and the Revolution by Ida Katherine Rigby Introduction 44. Ludwig Meidner, ""To All Artists, Musicians, Poets,"" Das Kunstblatt, 1919 45. Herbert Kuhn, ""Expressionism and Socialism,"" Neue Blatter fUr Kunst und Dichtung, 1919 46. Kurt Eisner, ""The Socialist Nation and the Artist,"" An aile Kiinstler!, 1919 47. Georg Tappert, letter to Franz Pfemfert, November 23, 1918 48. Editorial, Menschen, 1919 49. Kathe Kollwitz, diary entries, 1918, 1919, 1920 50. Hans Friedeberger, ""The Artists' Posters of the Revolutionary Days,"" Das Plakat, 1919 III Arbeitsrat fur Kunst Introduction 51. [Bruno Taut], Arbeitsrat fiir Kunst program, 1918 and Bruno Taut, from An Architecture Program, 1919 52. Walter Gropius, ""Architecture in a Free Republic,"" 1919; letters, to Dr. Walter Rathenau, February 23, 1919, to Ludwig Meidner, February 26, 1919; speech to the membership meeting of the Arbeitsrat, March 22, 1919 53. Adolf Behne: ""Unknown Architects,"" Sozialistische Monatshefte, 1919; ""General Announcement"" from the flyer for the periodical Bauen, 1919 54. Questions from YES! Voices of the Arbeitsrat fUr Kunst, and excerpts from the responses of Karl Schmidt-Rottluff and Georg Tappert, 1919 IV Novembergruppe by Ida Katherine Rigby Introduction 55. Draft of the manifesto of the Novembergruppe, 1918; circular letter, 1918; guidelines, 1919 56. Max Pechstein, ""What We Want,"" An aile Kiinstler!, 1919 57. Peter Leu, Guide to the Novembergruppe Art Exhibition, 1920 58. ""Open Letter to the Novembergruppe,"" 1920-21 V Dresden Secession Gruppe 1919 by Peter Chametzky Introduction 59. ""Regulations,"" Dresden Secession, 1919 and statement of purpose, 1919 60. Hugo Zehder, ""The Journal 1919 Neue Bliitter fiir Kunst und Dichtung,"" and [Hugo Zehder?] and D. P. Shterenberg, ""A Call from Russian Artists,"" 1919 61. Walter Rheiner, statement of purpose for the journal Menschen, 1918, and 'The New World,"" Sezession Gruppe 1919 62. Conrad Felixmiiller, ""To Art,"" Die Schone Raritiit, 1918 63. Otto Dix, letter to Kurt Gunther, ca. 1919 64. Will Grohmann, ""Prints of 'Gruppe 1919' Dresden,"" Menschen, 1919 Notes Part Three PART FOUR: Reactions to Expressionism I The Weimar Bauhaus Introduction 65. Walter Gropius, Bauhaus Program, 1919; speech to Bauhaus students, July 1919; [Anonymous], Bauhaus fund solicitation pamphlet, 1921 66. [Anonymous], ""The State Bauhaus in Weimar,"" supplement to the Thiiringer Tageszeitung, 1920 67. Johannes Itten, ""Analyses of Old Masters,"" Utopia: Documents of Reality, 1921 68. Oskar Schlemmer, letter to Otto Meyer, December 7, 1921; manifesto in the publicity pamphlet for the first Bauhaus exhibition in Weimar, 1923 II Dada Introduction 69. Hugo Ball, ""Kandinsky,"" lecture, April 7, 1917 70. Richard Huelsenbeck, ""Dada Manifesto"" [1918], Dada Almanach, 1920 71. Raoul Hausmann, ""The German PHILISTINE is Annoyed,"" Der Dada, December 1919 72. Wieland Herzfelde, ""Introduction,"" First International Dada Fair, 1920 73. George Grosz, ""My New Pictures,"" Das Kunstblatt, 1921 74. Kurt Schwitters, ""Merz-Painting,"" Der Zweemann, 1919 III The Critics and the ""Demise"" of Expressionism Introduction 75. Wilhelm Hausenstein, ""Art of this Moment,"" Der neue Merkur, 1919 76. Wilhelm Worringer, from Current Questions on Art, 1921 77. Iwan Goll, ""Expressionism Is Dying,"" Zenit, 1921 78. G. F. Hartlaub, preface to catalogue of Neue Sachlichkeit exhibition, Mannheim, 1925 79. Franz Roh, from Post-Expressionism, Magic Realism: Problems of Recent European Painting, 1925 IV Expressionism and the Third Reich by Ida Katherine Rigby Introduction 80. Kii.the Kollwitz, excerpts from diaries and letters, 1933 81. Paul Schultze-Naumburg, from Art and Race, 1928 82. A. Rosenberg, ""Revolution in the Visual Arts,"" Volkische Beobachter, 1933 83. Robert Scholz, from Vital Questions about the Visual Arts, 1937 84. Emil Nolde, letter to the president of the Prussian Academy of Arts, 1937 85. Fritz Kaiser, Guide to the Degenerate Art Exhibition, 1937 V The Left and the Debate over Expressionism in the Thirties Introduction 86. Georg Lukacs, ""Expressionism: Its Significance and Decline,"" Internationale Literatur, 1934 87. Klaus Mann, ""Gottfried Benn: History of an Aberration,"" Das Wort, 1937 88. Herwarth Walden, ""Vulgar Expressionism,"" Das Wort, 1938 89. Ernst Bloch, ""Discussing Expressionism,"" Das Wort, 1938 Notes Part Four Index"