Alan Reed is a professor of criminal and private international law at Northumbria University, and Deputy Faculty Pro Vice-Chancellor (Research and Knowledge Exchange) in the Faculty of Business and Law. He is Editor of the Journal of Criminal Law, and an Advisory Board Member of the Journal of International and Comparative Law. Michael Bohlander holds the Chair in Comparative and International Criminal Law at Durham University. Bethany Simpson is a lecturer in criminal law and social justice at Newcastle University. Her research explores modern-day slavery and human trafficking. Verity Adams is a barrister at Trinity Chambers in Newcastle. Her research interests are in criminal law and evidence, immigration and public international law.