The second edition of Equine Reproductive Procedures provides equine practitioners, veterinary students, and equine theriogenologists with a fully updated, practical guide to techniques in equine reproductive practice. This easy-to-use resource covers skills-based information with a clinical focus, taking an easy-to-follow step-by-step approach.
The book covers topics related to the reproductive management of horses, including diagnostic techniques and therapeutic procedures for stallions, mares, and foals. Procedures highlighted in the book are supported with clear descriptions and photographs. Readers will also find a list of required supplies for the procedure and a reference list.
Provides step-by-step descriptions of techniques related to equine theriogenology Serves as a valuable practice tool Offers 39 new techniques not found in the first edition Includes key updates to existing techniques
Those studying equine reproduction and specialists in theriogenology will find this an essential ‘how-to’ guide for their practice library.
List of Contributors xiii Preface xv Part I Non-Pregnant Mare 1 1 Reproductive Evaluation 3 Patrick M. McCue 2 Teasing 7 Patrick M. McCue 3 Tail Wrap and Preparation/Washing of the Perineum 11 John J. Dascanio 4 Placement of a Tail Rope 17 John J. Dascanio 5 Perineal Conformation Evaluation 21 John J. Dascanio 6 Removal of a Persistent Hymen 25 John J. Dascanio 7 Palpation of the Reproductive Tract 27 Patrick M. McCue 8 Ultrasound Evaluation 31 Patrick M. McCue 9 Prediction of Ovulation 37 Patrick M. McCue 10 Speculum Examination of the Vagina 41 John J. Dascanio 11 Digital Examination of the Vagina/Cervix 45 Sofie Sitters 12 Uterine Culture Collection: Swab/Brush 49 John J. Dascanio 13 Antimicrobiotic Sensitivity Testing 53 Jillian Bishop and Patrick M. McCue 14 Microbiology: Microbial Culture 5 Patrick M. McCue and Jillian Bishop 15 Microbiology: Gram Stain 59 Jillian Bishop and Patrick M. McCue 16 qPCR Assay for the Diagnosis of Infectious Endometritis 61 Ryan A. Ferris and Patrick M. McCue 17 Uterine Cytology Collection: Swab/Brush 67 John J. Dascanio and Ryan A. Ferris 18 Uterine Culture/Cytology: Low Volume Lavage 73 John J. Dascanio 19 Endometrial Biopsy 77 Patrick M. McCue 20 Hysteroscopic Examination of the Uterus 81 Patrick M. McCue 21 Endometrial Cyst Removal 85 John J. Dascanio 22 Chromosomal Analysis 89 Terje Raudsepp 23 Endocrinological Examination 97 Patrick M. McCue 24 Laparoscopic Examination of the Female Reproductive Track with Ovarian Biopsy 99 Dean A. Hendrickson 25 Evaluation of the Mammary Gland 103 Patrick M. McCue 26 Antisperm Antibody Testing 107 Patrick M. McCue 27 Starch Granule Test for the Evaluation of Oviductal Patency 109 Sofie Sitters and John J. Dascanio 28 Fluorescent Microspheres Test for Evaluation of Oviductal Patency 111 Sofie Sitters and John J. Dascanio 29 Oviductal Flush Procedure for the Evaluation of Oviductal Patency 113 Sofie Sitters and Patrick M. McCue 30 Prostaglandin E2 Treatment for Blocked Oviducts 117 Patrick M. McCue, Sofie Sitters and Charles F. Scoggin 31 Prostaglandin E1 Treatment for Blocked Oviducts 119 Patrick M. McCue and Charles F. Scoggin 32 Hysteroscopic Hydrotubation of the Oviducts 121 Charles F. Scoggin 33 Transvaginal Ovarian Biopsy 123 Claire E. Card 34 Uterine Lavage 127 John J. Dascanio 35 Uterine Infusion 131 John J. Dascanio 36 Therapeutics for Infectious Endometritis 133 Ryan A. Ferris 37 Bacterial Biofilm and Endometritis 137 Ryan A. Ferris 38 Latent Uterine Bacterial Infections 141 Morten Rønn Petersen and Anders Miki Bojesen 39 Acupuncture in Mare Reproduction 143 Kristina Lu and Lauren Javernick 40 Restraint for Breeding 149 John J. Dascanio 41 Natural Service: Pasture Breeding 151 Patrick M. McCue 42 Natural Service: In-hand Breeding 153 Charles F. Scoggin 43 Breeding Stitches 157 Charles F. Scoggin 44 Reinforcement Breeding 159 Charles F. Scoggin 45 Breeding with Fresh or Cooled Semen 161 John J. Dascanio and Patrick M. McCue 46 Insemination Through a Vaginal Speculum 165 Patrick M. McCue 47 Breeding with Frozen Semen 167 John J. Dascanio 48 Deep Horn Insemination 171 John J. Dascanio 49 Hysteroscopic (Low Dose) Insemination 173 Patrick M. McCue 50 Transvaginal Oocyte Pickup 177 Jennifer N. Hatzel 51 Packaging and transport of oocytes 183 Jennifer N. Hatzel 52 Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection 187 Jennifer N. Hatzel and JoAnne Stokes 53 Caslick Operation or Vulvoplasty 191 John J. Dascanio 54 Contagious Equine Metritis Testing 195 John J. Dascanio 55 Management of Seasonal Anestrus: Artificial Photoperiod 199 Patrick M. McCue 56 Management of Seasonal Anestrus: Hormone Therapy 201 Patrick M. McCue 57 Hormone Therapy in Cycling Mares 205 Patrick M. McCue 58 Estrus Suppression 211 Patrick M. McCue 59 Intrauterine Devices for Estrus Suppression 215 Carlos M. Gradil 60 Immunocontraception 221 Patrick M. McCue 61 Harvesting and Shipping Ovaries for Oocyte Recovery 223 Patrick M. McCue Part II Pregnant Mare 225 62 Embryo Collection 227 Patrick M. McCue 63 Embryo Evaluation 231 Patrick M. McCue 64 Embryo Biopsy 235 Patrick M. McCue 65 Embryo Packaging for Cooled Transport 237 Patrick M. McCue 66 Embryo Cryopreservation 241 Patrick M. McCue 67 Non-Surgical Embryo Transfer 245 Patrick M. McCue 68 Autogenous Transfer of ICSI-Derived Embryos 249 Jennifer N. Hatzel 69 Palpation per Rectum of the Pregnant Reproductive Tract 253 Sofie Sitters 70 Ultrasound Examination of the Pregnant Reproductive Tract 257 Patrick M. McCue 71 Speculum Examination of the Pregnant Mare 263 Sofie Sitters 72 Determination of Fetal Sex at 55–200 days 265 Richard D. Holder 73 Assessment of Late-Term Fetal Well-being 273 John J. Dascanio 74 Combined Thickness of the Uterus and Placenta 277 Patrick M. McCue 75 Placentitis: Diagnosis and Treatment 281 Justin W. McNaughten and Margo L. Macpherson 76 Doppler Ultrasonography 287 John J. Dascanio 77 Prediction of Fetal Age 291 John J. Dascanio 78 Twin Reduction: Manual Technique 295 John J. Dascanio 79 Twin Reduction: Transvaginal Aspiration 299 John J. Dascanio 80 Twin Reduction: Cranio-Cervical Dislocation 303 Karen Wolfsdorf 81 Twin Reduction: Thoracic Compression 307 Patrick M. McCue 82 Twin Reduction: Transabdominal Fetal Cardiac Puncture 309 John J. Dascanio 83 Elective Termination of Pregnancy 313 John J. Dascanio 84 Abortion Diagnostic Evaluation: Sample Collection in the Field and Submission 317 Julie T. Cecere and John J. Dascanio 85 Endocrine Evaluation of Pregnancy 319 Patrick M. McCue 86 Treatment of Vaginal Varicosities 323 John J. Dascanio 87 Manual Correction of Uterine Torsion 327 John J. Dascanio 88 Preparation for Foaling 331 John J. Dascanio 89 Assessment of Mammary Gland Secretions to Predict Foaling 335 John J. Dascanio 90 Assessment of pH of Mammary Gland Secretions to Predict Foaling 339 Patrick M. McCue 91 Monitoring of Peri-Parturient Mares Using Video and Web Cameras 343 Ryan A. Ferris 92 Foaling Alert: Vulvar Device 345 John J. Dascanio 93 Positional Labor Alert Devices 347 Ryan A. Ferris 94 Induction of Parturition 351 John J. Dascanio 95 Normal Foaling 355 John J. Dascanio 96 Premature Separation of the Placenta 361 Patrick M. McCue 97 Dystocia Management 365 Patrick M. McCue and Sofie Sitters 98 Dystocia Correction 369 John J. Dascanio 99 Fetotomy 375 John J. Dascanio 100 Epidural 381 John J. Dascanio 101 Induction of Lactation to Create a Nurse Mare 383 Pouya Dini and Peter F. Daels 102 Screening to Prevent Neonatal Isoerythrolysis 385 Patrick M. McCue Part III Postpartum Mare 387 103 Evaluation of Colostrum Specific Gravity 389 Patrick M. McCue 104 Evaluation of Colostrum Quality: Brix Refractometry 393 Patrick M. McCue 105 Colostrum Banking 395 Patrick M. McCue 106 Obtaining Milk from the Mare 399 John J. Dascanio 107 Placental Evaluation 401 Patrick M. McCue 108 Removal of Retained Placenta 407 John J. Dascanio 109 Abdominocentesis 413 John J. Dascanio 110 Uterine Prolapse Treatment 415 John J. Dascanio 111 Buhner Needle Placement of a Perivulvar Suture 419 John J. Dascanio Part IV Stallion 423 112 Breeding Soundness Evaluation 425 Patrick M. McCue 113 Training the Stallion to Use a Phantom 429 John J. Dascanio 114 Missouri Artificial Vagina 433 John J. Dascanio and Lynda M. J. Miller 115 Colorado Model Artificial Vagina 437 Patrick M. McCue 116 Roanoke Artificial Vagina 441 John J. Dascanio 117 Hannover Artificial Vagina 445 Sofie Sitters 118 Teaser Stallions 447 Charles F. Scoggin 119 Standing Semen Collection 449 John J. Dascanio 120 Collection of Semen Using an Open-Ended Artificial Vagina 453 Patrick M. McCue 121 Chemical Ejaculation 455 Patrick M. McCue 122 Preparation of a Jump Mare or a Mare for Natural Cover 457 John J. Dascanio 123 Washing the Penis 459 John J. Dascanio 124 Evaluation of Sexual Behavior 463 John J. Dascanio and Sue M. McDonnell 125 Enhancement of Sexual Interest and Response 467 Sue M. McDonnell 126 Management of Ejaculation Difficulty 471 Sue M. McDonnell 127 Calibrated Spectrophotometer Evaluation of Sperm Concentration 475 John J. Dascanio 128 Hemocytometer Evaluation of Sperm Concentration 479 John J. Dascanio 129 NucleoCounter® Evaluation of Sperm Concentration and Viability 483 Patrick M. McCue 130 Visual Evaluation of Sperm Motility 489 Patrick M. McCue 131 Computer-Assisted Sperm Analysis 491 John J. Dascanio and Lynda M. J. Miller 132 Eosin-Nigrosin Staining in the Evaluation of Sperm 495 Julie T. Cecere 133 Evaluation of Sperm Morphology 499 Leonardo Brito 134 Determination of Daily Sperm Output 505 Patrick M. McCue 135 Measurement of Testicular Size and Estimation of Daily Sperm Output 507 Patrick M. McCue 136 Wet Mount Evaluation of Sperm 511 John J. Dascanio 137 Diff-Quik® Evaluation of Round Cells and Sperm 513 John J. Dascanio and Lynda M. J. Miller 138 Electron Microscopy of Constituents of Seminal Ejaculates 515 D. N. Rao Veeramachaneni 139 Bacterial Culture 519 John J. Dascanio 140 Evaluation of pH and Osmolarity of Semen 521 Patrick M. McCue 141 Alkaline Phosphatase: A Marker for Ejaculation 523 Patrick M. McCue 142 Diagnosis and Management of Urospermia 525 John J. Dascanio 143 Hemospermia 529 Patrick M. McCue 144 Semen Extenders and Sperm Media 533 Patrick M. McCue 145 Preparation of Semen for Cooled Transport 537 Etta A. Bradecamp 146 Packing Semen for Cooled Transport 541 Etta A. Bradecamp 147 Longevity Testing of Sperm 547 John J. Dascanio 148 Calculation of g Force for Centrifuging Semen 549 John J. Dascanio 149 Centrifugation of Semen: Standard Technique 551 Etta A. Bradecamp 150 Centrifugation of Semen: Cushion Technique 557 Etta A. Bradecamp 151 Centrifugation of Semen: Selection of Motile Sperm Using a Single Layer Colloid Technique 561 Etta A. Bradecamp 152 Use of a SpermFilter 563 Marco A. Alvarenga and Lorenzo G. T. M. Segabinazzi 153 Semen Freezing 567 Patrick M. McCue 154 Refreezing Semen 573 Patrick M. McCue 155 Thawing Frozen Semen 577 John J. Dascanio 156 Semen Processing for Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection 581 Patrick M. McCue 157 Preparing a Vapor Shipper 585 Julie T. Cecere and Paul Loomis 158 Loading a Vapor Shipper 589 Julie T. Cecere and Paul Loomis 159 Maintaining a Long-Term Frozen Semen Storage Tank 591 John J. Dascanio 160 International Transport of Frozen Semen 593 Paul Loomis 161 Harvesting and Shipping Testes 597 John J. Dascanio 162 Epididymal Sperm Recovery 599 John J. Dascanio and Lynda M. J. Miller 163 Endoscopic Examination of the Urethra 603 Patrick M. McCue 164 Endoscopic-Guided Cannulation of the Seminal Vesicles 607 Patrick M. McCue 165 Palpation and Ultrasonography of the Testis, Epididymis, and Spermatic Cord 609 Sofie Sitters 166 Palpation and Ultrasonography of the Accessory Sex Glands 615 Sofie Sitters 167 Radiographic Examination of the Penis 621 Patrick M. McCue 168 Testicular Biopsy and Aspiration 623 John J. Dascanio 169 Assessment of Sperm Plasma Membrane Integrity and Viability: Propidium Iodide/SYBR-14 627 Amanda I. Glazar, and Patrick M. McCue 170 Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay 629 Charles Love 171 Hypo-Osmotic Swelling Test 633 Patrick M. McCue 172 Assessment of Sperm Acrosomal Status: PE-PNA 635 Amanda I. Glazar and Patrick M. McCue 173 Assessment of Sperm Mitochondrial Function: JC–1 and Rhodamine 123 637 Amanda I. Glazar, and Patrick M. McCue 174 Equine Viral Arteritis Testing 639 G. Reed Holyoak and Udeni B. R. Balasuriya 175 Diagnostic Endocrinology: Baseline Hormone Levels 645 Patrick M. McCue 176 Diagnostic Endocrinology: GnRH Stimulation Tests 647 Patrick M. McCue 177 Diagnostic Endocrinology: hCG Stimulation Test 649 Patrick M. McCue 178 Diagnostic Endocrinology: Estrogen Conjugate Assay 653 Patrick M. McCue 179 Diagnostic Tests for Cryptorchidism 655 Patrick M. McCue 180 Probang Apparatus 659 Julie T. Cecere 181 Support Apparatus for Paraphimosis 663 John J. Dascanio 182 Equine Castration Techniques 667 Stacy Anderson 183 Stallion Acupuncture 671 Rhonda A. Rathgeber Part V Newborn Foal 675 184 Birth Resuscitation 677 Patrick M. McCue 185 Handling and Restraint 681 Undine Christmann 186 Madigan Foal Squeeze Technique 687 John Madigan 187 Evaluation of Passive Transfer 691 Patrick M. McCue 188 Colostral Administration via Naso-Gastric Intubation 695 John J. Dascanio 189 Sedation 699 Undine Christmann 190 Intravenous Catheter Placement 701 Undine Christmann 191 Plasma Therapy in the Foal 707 Undine Christmann 192 Acupuncture in the Neonate 711 Peter Morresey 193 Routine Care 713 Patrick M. McCue 194 Foal Rejection 719 Patrick M. McCue 195 Fostering a Foal onto a Nurse Mare 723 Peter F. Daels and Pouya Dini 196 Entropion 725 John J. Dascanio 197 Umbilical Ultrasound 727 Undine Christmann 198 Management of Soft Tissue Laxity 733 Stacy Anderson 199 Management of Angular Limb Deformities 735 Stacy Anderson 200 Management of Congenital Flexural Limb Deformities 739 Stacy Anderson Part VI Appendices 745 Appendix A Society for Theriogenology Stallion Reproductive Evaluation Form 745 Appendix B Mare Breeding Soundness Evaluation Form 749 Appendix C Formulary for Equine Reproduction 751 Appendix D Foaling Kit and Associated Equipment and Supplies 759 Index 761
THE EDITORS JOHN DASCANIO, VMD, Diplomate ACT, Diplomate ABVP (Equine) is the Senior Associate Dean for Academic and Student Affairs and a Professor of Theriogenology at the Texas Tech University School of Veterinary Medicine in Amarillo, Texas, USA and was named the 2018 Theriogenologist of the Year by the American College of Theriogenologists. PATRICK MCCUE, DVM, PhD, Diplomate ACT is the Iron Rose Ranch Professor of Equine Reproduction at Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences in Fort Collins, Colorado, USA and was named the 2017 Theriogenologist of the Year by the American College of Theriogenologists.
Reviews for Equine Reproductive Procedures
The second edition of Equine Reproductive Procedures is an expanded and comprehensive resource for veterinary clinicians, veterinary students, and reproductive specialists. It is authored by multiple respected international experts in theriogenology and equine reproductive clinical practice….All chapters are clear, concise, and descriptive, with well-annotated and supplementary images and diagrams. The book is appropriately priced and is a recommended addition to the reference library of all practitioners of equine reproduction.” - JAVMA | SEP 15, 2021 | VOL 259 | NO. 6
