Enterprise Content and Search Management for Building Digital Platforms

Preface xvii Acknowledgments xxvii About the Author xxix About the Companion Website xxxi Part 1 Content Management Basics for Digital Platforms 1 Introduction to Digital Platforms 3 1.1 Enterprise Digital Ecosystem 4 Digital Opportunities for Enterprises 4 Challenges in Modern Digital Enterprises 5 Enterprise Digital Capabilities 6 Digital Disruption across Business Domains 9 1.2 Concepts of Enterprise Content Management (ECM) 15 Enterprise Content Ecosystem 15 Content Presentation 16 Content Applications 16 Enterprise Services 18 Access Channels 18 ECM vs WCM 19 Book’s Focus Areas 19 1.3 Enterprise Digital Strategy and Content Strategy 20 Enterprise Digital Strategy 21 Core Digital Technologies 24 Digital Content Strategy 25 1.4 Digital Content Management and Enterprise Search: An Overview 28 Digital Content Management 28 Enterprise Search 29 Enterprise Sources Used by Search Engine 30 1.5 Chapter Summary 30 2 Content Strategy 32 2.1 Overview of Content Strategy 32 Introduction to Content Strategy 33 Main Tenets of Content Strategy 33 Related Strategies and Artifacts Used in Content Strategy 34 Common Challenges with Content 36 Definition of Key Terms 38 2.2 Prerequisites for Content Strategy 38 Content Requirements 39 2.3 Defining Content Strategy 41 Phases of Content Strategy 41 Design Considerations 46 Core Elements of Content Strategy 50 2.4 Content Strategy Case Study 73 2.5 Chapter Summary 79 3 Basics of Content Management Systems 82 3.1 What Is a Content Management System? 82 Business Drivers for CMS 84 Utilities of CMS 85 Challenges in Implementation of CMS 86 CMS Trends 87 Various Roles in CMS 89 3.2 CMS Key Design Principles 89 Reusability and Flexibility 89 Taxonomy and Metadata Definition 90 Standards Definition 90 Consolidated Content Repository 91 Governance Model 91 Content Syndication and Services 91 CMS Evaluation 91 3.3 CMS Capabilities and Attributes 92 Desired Core Capabilities of CMS 92 Main Functionality of Core CMS components 94 Desired Attributes of CMS 96 3.4 Content Lifecycle Management in CMS 98 3.5 A Brief Description of Open Source CMS and JCR 100 Drupal (https://www.drupal.org/) 100 Joomla (https://www.joomla.org/) 101 WordPress (https://wordpress.org/) 101 JCR Implementation: Apache Jackrabbit 102 3.6 Chapter Summary 102 4 Content Management System Architecture 104 4.1 CMS Design and Architecture 104 CMS Implementation Approach 105 4.2 Modern CMS Architecture Patterns 106 MVC Architecture 106 N-tier Architecture and N-layer Architecture 108 Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) 109 Microservices Architecture 111 4.3 CMS Value Articulation and Solution Principles 113 CMS Value Articulation Framework 113 4.4 CMS Solution Design Principles 114 4.5 Design of CMS Solution Components 118 Multi-Site Management Design 118 Content Folder Design 124 Content URL Design 124 Localization Design 126 Collaboration Design 129 4.6 CMS Operations Management 130 Release Management Process 131 CMS Maintenance 134 4.7 Realizing Content Strategy with CMS 137 Content Design and Creation Using CMS 137 4.8 CMS Reference Architectures 137 Customer Experience Platform (CXP) Reference Architecture 137 Knowledge Management System Based on CMS 143 Digital Marketing Platform Based on CMS 147 Architecture of Apache Jackrabbit 147 4.9 Chapter Summary 152 5 Development Using Templates and Workflows 154 5.1 CMS Template Design 154 What Are Templates? 155 Authoring Template, Presentation Template, and Page Layout 155 Design of Authoring Templates 157 Content Templates Based on Open Standards 158 Content Presentation Templates 159 5.2 Authoring Content Using an Authoring Template 160 Template-User Interface 162 Using Templates for Pages 162 5.3 Chunking and Templates for Chunks 165 Design Considerations for a Content Chunk 168 Content Chunk–Based Page Content Aggregation 168 Case Study: Chunk Identification and Chunk Template Design for Product Pages 170 Template Guidelines and Best Practices 176 5.4 Template Support among Various CMS 178 5.5 Case Study: Building Content Templates for a Web Support Site 179 Web Support Site Case Study: Context and Overview 179 5.6 Content Workflows 183 Workflow Design 184 Designing Workflow 187 Workflow Optimization 188 5.7 Case Study: Modeling Workflow for a Knowledge Management System 189 5.8 Chapter Summary 192 6 Content Information Architecture, Taxonomy, and Metadata 195 6.1 Intuitive Information Architecture 196 Goals of IA 196 Elements of IA 196 Defining IA 196 Best Practices While Defining IA 198 Role of IA in Content Strategy 199 IA Design Samples 200 6.2 Introduction to Taxonomy and Metadata 202 Advantages of Taxonomy and Metadata 203 Business Drivers for Taxonomy and Metadata 204 Taxonomy and Metadata Best Practices 204 Types of Metadata 205 Metadata Hierarchy Modeling 205 6.3 Metadata Usage in Relevant Content Discovery 208 6.4 Integration of Metadata with CMS 208 6.5 Metadata Standards and Formats 210 Dublin Core 210 Simple Knowledge Organization System 211 6.6 Case Study: Content Metadata to Increase Search Effectiveness 212 Internal Search 213 External Search 214 6.7 Other Utilities of Content Metadata 214 Metadata-Based Content Categorization 214 Marketing and Sales Support 214 Metadata-Driven Content Personalization 214 Metadata-Based Page Customization 215 Content Metadata for Navigation 215 Analytics Metadata 215 Content Metadata for Workflow 215 Using Metadata for Reusing Content Chunks 215 Security Metadata 216 6.8 Taxonomy Governance 216 Social Tagging 217 6.9 Chapter Summary 217 Part 2 Advanced Content Management 7 Content Integration and Content Standards 221 7.1 Content Integration Requirements 221 7.2 CMS Integration View 222 Enterprise CMS: The Big Picture 223 7.3 CMS Integrations 225 Security Integration 225 Translation System Integration 226 Search Engine Integration 228 Content Services Integration 229 Portal Integration 231 Presentation Engine Integration 232 Metadata Management System (MMS) Integration 232 Feed Integration 233 Digital Asset Management (DAM) Integration 233 JCR-Based Integration 234 7.4 CMIS-Based Integration 235 When can we use CMIS-based integration? 236 JCR and CMIS 236 7.5 CMS Integration with Other Systems 237 7.6 Content Standards 237 Html/xhtml 239 XML (Extensible Markup Language) 239 DITA (Darwin Information Typing Architecture) 242 JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) 244 SCORM (Sharable Content Object Reference Model) 244 Feed Formats: RSS/ATOM 246 Web Service Standards: SOAP and REST 247 7.7 Chapter Summary 250 8 Digital Asset Management and Document Management 253 8.1 Digital Asset Management (DAM) 254 DAM Definition 254 DAM Objectives and Trends 254 Need for DAM 255 DAM Business Scenarios 256 Architecting an Enterprise DAM System 257 DAM Challenges and Best Practices 261 8.2 Document Management 263 Capabilities of Document Management System 263 Document Management Elements and Functions 265 Document Management Evolution and Road Map 266 Case Study: Document Management Solution for a Banking Portal 266 8.3 Chapter Summary 270 9 Content Migration 272 9.1 Content Migration 272 Content Migration Drivers 272 Content Migration Principles 273 Migration Design Considerations 275 Migration Challenges and Best Practices 276 Migration Checklist 279 Migration Approach 279 Content Migration Examples 284 Migration Governance 287 Migration Automation 288 Cutover Plan 290 Migration Case Study: JCR-Based Custom Migration Script 291 9.2 Chapter Summary 295 10 Content Governance: Validation, Analytics, KPIs, SEO, and Evaluation 297 10.1 Content Validation 298 Content-Testing Checklist 300 10.2 Content Analytics and KPIs 304 Content Analytics 304 Content KPIs 310 10.3 Content SEO 312 Content SEO Strategy 312 Content SEO Best Practices 313 10.4 CMS Evaluation Framework 315 Business Considerations for Selecting a CMS Product 315 Evaluation Framework 317 10.5 Appendix: WCMS Features 322 10.6 Chapter Summary 325 11 Content Security 327 11.1 Content Security Vulnerabilities and Mitigation Steps 327 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) 328 SQL Injection Attacks 329 Denial of Service (DoS) and Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) 330 Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) 331 Clickjacking 332 11.2 Generic Content Security Scenarios 333 Authentication and Authorization 333 Single Sign-on (SSO) 334 Permission Model Using Roles and Permissions 334 11.3 Security Testing 337 Core Security Testing 337 Security Code Reviews 337 Penetration Testing 338 11.4 Security Best Practices 339 Adopt Multi-Layer Security 339 Robust Account Management 340 Proactive Scanning and Vulnerability Assessment 340 CMS Patching and Upgrades 340 Transport-Level Security 341 CMS Hardening 341 Security Logging and Auditing 342 Content Archival and Backup 342 Content Classification 342 Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity 342 Restricted File Permissions 343 Security Monitoring 343 Iterative Security Testing 343 Error Handling and Resource Handling 343 Security Governance 344 Web Application Firewall (WAF) and Security Plugins 344 Hosted Content Systems 344 11.5 Case Study: Security Testing for a CMS Application 344 Application Background 344 Security Testing Details 345 Security Vulnerabilities and Remediation Measures 345 Application Retesting 350 11.6 Chapter Summary 350 12 Content Infrastructure and Performance Optimization 352 12.1 CMS Infrastructure Architecture 352 Infrastructure Sizing 353 Basic Concepts of CMS Deployment Architecture 354 CMS Deployment Setup 355 Disaster Recovery Setup 357 12.2 Content Performance Optimization 358 Optimal Content Design 358 Optimal Page Design 358 Optimized Publishing Workflows 360 Database-Level Performance Optimizations 360 Content Caching Design 360 Monitoring and Notification Setup 360 Proactive Identification of Memory Leaks 361 CMS-Level Performance Optimizations 361 Logging 362 CMS Caching 362 Search-Engine-Level Performance Optimization 362 Infrastructure-Level Performance Optimization 362 12.3 Content Performance Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) 364 Collecting Content Performance KPIs 364 Content Performance KPIs 364 12.4 Content Performance Validation 365 12.5 Content-Related Best Practices 366 Content Best Practices 366 Content Best Practices Checklist 367 CMS Best Practices 370 12.6 Chapter Summary 373 Part 3 Enterprise Search Technologies 13 Introduction to Enterprise Search 377 13.1 Introduction to Enterprise Search 378 Business Drivers 378 Technology Drivers 380 Challenges of Enterprise Search 381 Generic Best Practices of Enterprise Search 382 13.2 Enterprise Search Overview 383 Enterprise Search Architecture Layers 383 Web Search vs. Enterprise Search 384 Search-Related Trends 386 Search Evolution 388 Key Value Proposition of Enterprise Search 389 13.3 Enterprise Search capabilities 389 13.4 Enterprise Search Features 392 Basic Search Features 392 Advanced Search Features 393 Features in Apache Solr and ElasticSearch 396 13.5 Chapter Summary 397 14 Advanced Enterprise Search 398 14.1 Federated Search 398 Features of Federated Search 399 Sample Federated Search Architecture 399 Common Challenges with Federated Search 400 Enterprise Search through Intermediate Aggregation Repository (Alternative to Federated Search) 402 14.2 Advanced Search Features 403 Relevancy Rank Adjustment and Rank Boosting 403 Personalized Search 404 Alternative Search Suggestion 405 Secured Search 405 14.3 Enterprise Semantic Search 409 Key Elements of Semantic Search 410 Enterprise Semantic Search Architecture 411 Enterprise Semantic Search Process 411 Semantic Search Capabilities in Apache Solr 412 14.4 People Search and Social Search 412 Challenges in People Search 413 People Search Design 413 Sample People Search in Apache Solr 414 Social Search 414 14.5 Mobile Search 415 14.6 Big Data Search 415 Apache Solr Integration with Apache Hadoop 416 14.7 Search Engine Optimization (SEO) 417 Page-Level SEO Tags 417 SEO Strategy 419 SEO Best Practices 420 SEO Anti-Patterns 421 14.8 Case Study: Information Management Portal Driven by Apache Solr 422 Background and Context 422 Information Management Portal Solution Components 422 14.9 Chapter Summary 424 Further Reading 427 Index 429