Enhancing Boardroom Diversity in Saudi Arabia

CHAPTER 1: Background of the Study CHAPTER 2: The Context of Saudi Arabia Introduction Saudi Social Structure Politics Economics Culture Family Religion and Diversity Gender and the Islamic Religion Ethnicity and the Islamic Religion Islamic Religion and the Elderly Saudi Arabian Listed Companies Background The Market Regulations Framework An overview of the Corporate Governance Code (CGC) and the Boardroom Diversity Summary Saudi Corporate Governance Code (2006) Summary Saudi Corporate Governance Code Amendment (2010) Summary Corporate Governance Code (2017) Summary New Corporate Governance Code (2021) (expected) Saudi Vision 2030 Growing and Diversifying the Economy Integrating the Saudi Economy Regionally and Globally (Objective Number 3.6) Increasing Employment Equal Entry into Jobs (Objective Number 4.2) Preparing the Younger Generation for the Market Women’s Empowerment Attracting Appropriate Foreign Expertise (Objective Number 4.4) New Changes to Saudi Arabia’s Social Structure Summary CHAPTER 3: Literature Review Introduction Corporate Governance (CG) Definition and Background Corporate Governance Mechanisms Boardroom Roles and Duties Boardroom Committees Diversity Protecting Shareholders’ Rights and Boardroom Diversity Boardroom Structure Selecting and Nominating Board Members Ownership Chairpersons Boardroom Diversity Definitions and Background Functional Diversity Diversity of Experience Diversity of Educational Background Diversity of Educational Level Demographic Diversity Age Diversity Gender Diversity Diversity of Nationality Boardroom Effectiveness and Diversity Monitoring versus Independence Decision Making versus Conflict between Diverse Members Risk Management and Internal Controls Boardroom Diversity and Performance Board Diversity Effectiveness in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Countries, Including Saudi Arabia Summary CHAPTER 4: The Theory of Institutional Logics: A Perspective for Understanding the Effectiveness of Boardroom Diversity Introduction Agency Theory Social Capital Theory Resource Dependency Theory Institutional Theory Background and Definition The Three Institutional Pillars The Development of Institutional Theory and Institutional Logics Different Perspectives of Institutional Logics Institutional Logics Resistance to Change Shifting to the New Logic The Individual Level (Micro) The Organisational Level (Meso) Societal Level (Macro) Using Institutional Logics Summary CHAPTER 5: Secondary Data Results and discussion Introduction Gender Age Nationality Qualification Levels Educational Background Experience Summary CHAPTER 6: Conclusion