Endocrinology and Diabetes

Acknowledgements vi 1 Thyroid anatomy and physiology 1 2 Hypothyroidism 8 3 Thyrotoxicosis 13 4 Goitre thyroid nodules and cancer 26 5 Adrenal anatomy and physiology 34 6 Adrenal insufficiency 38 7 Primary hyperaldosteronism 47 8 Phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas 53 9 Congenital adrenal hyperplasia 60 10 Adrenal incidentalomas 66 11 Pituitary anatomy and physiology 69 12 Pituitary tumours and other sellar disorders 74 13 Hypopituitarism 87 14 Hyperprolactinaemia 91 15 Acromegaly 96 16 Cushing syndrome 101 17 Diabetes insipidus 109 18 Hyponatraemia and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion 113 19 Male reproductive physiology and hypogonadism 119 20 Gynaecomastia 127 21 Female reproductive physiology amenorrhoea and premature ovarian insufficiency 131 22 Polycystic ovary syndrome 139 23 Menopause 144 24 Calcium homeostasis hypercalcaemia and primary hyperparathyroidism 147 25 Hypocalcaemia 155 26 Osteomalacia 160 27 Osteoporosis 164 28 Paget Disease of Bone 170 29 Disorders of puberty 174 30 Growth and stature 181 31 Endocrine disorders of pregnancy 189 32 Neuroendocrine tumours 198 33 Obesity 209 34 Diabetes mellitus: classification pathogenesis and diagnosis 217 35 Treatment of diabetes mellitus 225 36 Diabetic emergencies 238 37 Diabetic retinopathy 246 38 Diabetic nephropathy 252 39 Diabetic neuropathy 257 40 Musculoskeletal and dermatological manifestations of diabetes 261 Index 269