Embryology at a Glance

Preface vii Acknowledgements viii List of abbreviations ix Timeline x About the companion website xi Part 1 Early development 1 1 Embryology in medicine 2 2 Language of embryology 4 3 Introduction to development 6 4 Cell signalling genes 8 5 Embryonic and foetal periods 10 6 Mitosis 12 7 Meiosis 14 8 Spermatogenesis 16 9 Oogenesis 18 10 Fertilisation 20 11 From zygote to blastocyst 22 12 Implantation 24 13 Placenta 26 14 Gastrulation 28 15 Germ layers 30 16 Stem cells 32 17 Neurulation 34 18 Neural crest cells 36 19 Body cavities (embryonic) 38 20 Folding of the embryo 40 21 Segmentation 42 22 Somites 44 Part 2 Systems development 47 23 Skeletal system (ossification) 48 24 Skeletal system 50 25 Muscular system 52 26 Musculoskeletal system: limbs 54 27 Circulatory system: heart tube 56 28 Circulatory system: heart chambers 58 29 Circulatory system: blood vessels 60 30 Circulatory system: embryonic veins 62 31 Circulation system: changes at birth 64 32 Respiratory system 66 33 Digestive system: gastrointestinal tract 68 34 Digestive system: associated organs 70 35 Digestive system: congenital anomalies 72 36 Urinary system 74 37 Reproductive system: ducts and genitalia 76 38 Reproductive system: gonads 78 39 Endocrine system 80 40 Head and neck: arch I 82 41 Head and neck: arch II 84 42 Head and neck: arch III 86 43 Head and neck: arches IV–VI 88 44 Central nervous system 90 45 Peripheral nervous system 92 46 The ear 94 47 The eye 96 48 Antenatal screening 98 Self-assessment MCQs 100 Self-assessment MCQ answers 104 Self-assessment EMQs 105 Self-assessment EMQ answers 107 Glossary 108 Index 112