Electrical Power System Essentials

Preface List of Abbreviations List of Symbols   1 Introduction to Power System Analysis 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Scope of the Material 1.3 General Characteristics of Power Systems 1.4 Phasors 1.5 Equivalent Line-to-neutral Diagrams 1.6 Power in Single-phase Circuits 1.7 Power in Three-phase Circuits 1.8 Per-unit Normalization 1.9 Power System Structure Problems References   2 The Generation of Electric Energy 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Thermal Power Plants 2.3 Nuclear Power Plants 2.4 Renewable Energy 2.5 The Synchronous Machine Problems References   3 The Transmission of Electric Energy 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Transmission and Distribution Network 3.3 Network Structures 3.4 Substations 3.5 Substation Concepts 3.6 Protection of Transmission and Distribution Networks 3.7 Surge Arresters  3.8 Transformers 3.9 Power Carriers 3.10 SF6 Alternatives 3.11 High-Voltage Direct Current Transmission From AC to DC Problems References   4 The Utilization of Electric Energy 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Types of Load 4.3 Classification of Grid Users   5 Power System Control 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Basics of Power System Control 5.3 Active Power and Frequency Control 5.4 Voltage Control and Reactive Power 5.5 Control of Transported Power 5.6 Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) Problems References   6 Energy Management Systems 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Load Flow or Power Flow Computation 6.3 Optimal Power Flow 6.4 State Estimator   7 Electricity Markets 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Electricity Market Structure 7.3 Market Clearing 7.4 Social Welfare 7.5 Market Coupling 7.6 Electricity Markets: Surplus and Scarcity 7.7 Allocation Mechanism and Zonal/Nodal Markets 7.8 Capacity Calculation References   8 Future Power Systems 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Renewable Energy 8.3 Decentralized or Distributed Generation 8.4 Power-Electronics in the Power System 8.5 Energy Storage 8.6 Blackouts and Chaotic Phenomena 8.7 Wide Area Monitoring of Power Systems   A Maxwell’s Laws A.1 Introduction A.2 Power Series Approach to Time-Varying Fields A.3 Quasi-static Field of a Parallel-plate Capacitor A.4 Quasi-static Field of a Single-turn Inductor A.5 Quasi-static Field of a Resistor A.6 Circuit Modeling Reference   B Power Transformer Model B.1 Introduction B.2 The Ideal Transformer B.3 Magnetically Coupled Coils B.4 The Nonideal Transformer B.5 Three-Phase Transformer   C Synchronous Machine Model C.1 Introduction C.2 The Primitive Synchronous Machine C.3 The Single-Phase Synchronous Machine C.4 The Three-Phase Synchronous Machine C.5 Synchronous Generator in the Power System   D Induction Machine Model D.1 Introduction D.2 The Basic Principle of the Induction Machine D.3 The Magnetic Field in the Air Gap D.4 A Simple Circuit Model for the Induction Machine D.5 Induction Motor in the Power System   E The Representation of Lines and Cables E.1 Introduction E.2 The Long Transmission Line E.3 The Medium-Length Transmission Line E.4 The Short Transmission Line E.5 Comparison of the Three Line Models E.6 The Underground Cable   F The Physics behind the Maxwell Equations F.1 Introduction F.2 Ampère’s Law F.3 Faraday’s Law F.4 Maxwell’s Equations   Solutions Further Reading Index