Diagnostic Imaging

First Trimester Introduction and Overview Embryology and Anatomy of the First Trimester Approach to the First Trimester Abnormal Intrauterine Gestation Failed First-Trimester Pregnancy Perigestational Hemorrhage Chorionic Bump Complete Hydatidiform Mole Ectopic Gestation Tubal Ectopic Interstitial Ectopic Cesarean Section Scar Pregnancy Cervical Ectopic Ovarian Ectopic Heterotopic Pregnancy Abdominal Ectopic Pertinent Differential Diagnoses Abnormal Gestational Sac and Contents Brain Introduction and Overview Embryology and Anatomy of the Brain Approach to the Supratentorial Brain Approach to the Posterior Fossa Cranial Defects Exencephaly, Anencephaly Occipital, Parietal Cephalocele Atretic Cephalocele Frontal Cephalocele Midline Developmental Anomalies Agenesis/Dysgenesis of the Corpus Callosum Interhemispheric Cyst/AVID Aprosencephaly, Atelencephaly Alobar Holoprosencephaly Semilobar Holoprosencephaly Lobar Holoprosencephaly Septo-Optic Dysplasia Syntelencephaly Cortical Developmental Anomalies Schizencephaly Lissencephaly Gray Matter Heterotopia Pachygyria, Polymicrogyria Tuberous Sclerosis Cysts Choroid Plexus Cyst Arachnoid Cyst Destructive Lesions Intracranial Hemorrhage Encephalomalacia, Porencephaly Hydranencephaly Posterior Fossa Malformations Aqueductal Stenosis Chiari 2 Malformation Chiari 3 Malformation Dandy-Walker Malformation Vermian Dysgenesis Blake Pouch Cyst Mega Cisterna Magna Cerebellar Hypoplasia Rhombencephalosynapsis Vascular Malformations Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformation Arteriovenous Fistula Dural Sinus Malformation Tumors Brain Tumors Choroid Plexus Papilloma Intracranial Lipoma Pertinent Differential Diagnoses Absent Cavum Septi Pellucidi Mild Ventriculomegaly Microcephaly Abnormal Calvarium Posterior Fossa Cyst/Fluid Collection Spine Embryology and Anatomy of the Spine Approach to the Fetal Spine Spina Bifida Iniencephaly Caudal Regression Sequence Kyphosis, Scoliosis Tethered Cord Diastematomyelia Sacrococcygeal Teratoma Face and Neck Embryology and Anatomy of the Face and Neck Approach to the Fetal Face and Neck Cleft Lip, Palate Dacryocystocele Coloboma Epignathus Epulis Goiter Cystic Hygroma Cervical Teratoma Pertinent Differential Diagnoses Abnormal Orbits/Eyes Abnormal Ears Micrognathia Macroglossia Chest Embryology and Anatomy of the Chest Approach to the Fetal Chest Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation Bronchopulmonary Sequestration Bronchogenic Cyst Congenital High Airway Obstruction Sequence (CHAOS) Congenital Lobar Overinflation Pulmonary Agenesis Lymphangioma Mediastinal Teratoma Pertinent Differential Diagnoses Solid/Echogenic Chest Mass Cystic Chest Mass Heart Introduction and Overview Embryology and Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System Approach to the Fetal Heart Abnormal Location Heterotaxy, Cardiosplenic Syndromes Ectopia Cordis Septal Defects Ventricular Septal Defect Atrioventricular Septal Defect Atrial Septal Aneurysm Right Heart Malformations Ebstein Anomaly Tricuspid Dysplasia Tricuspid Atresia Pulmonary Stenosis, Atresia Left Heart Malformations Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome Coarctation and Interrupted Aortic Arch Aortic Stenosis Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return Conotruncal Malformations Tetralogy of Fallot Transposition of the Great Arteries Truncus Arteriosus Double-Outlet Right Ventricle Myocardial and Pericardial Abnormalities Echogenic Cardiac Focus Cardiomyopathy Rhabdomyoma Pericardial Effusion Pericardial Teratoma Abnormal Rhythm Irregular Rhythm Tachyarrhythmia Bradyarrhythmia Pertinent Differential Diagnoses Abnormal Cardiac Axis Chamber Asymmetry Congenital Heart Disease Surgery Blalock-Taussig Shunt Norwood Procedure Glenn Procedure Fontan Procedure Abdominal Wall and Gastrointestinal Tract Introduction and Overview Embryology and Anatomy of the Abdominal Wall and GI Tract Approach to the Abdominal Wall and GI Tract Abdominal Wall Defects Gastroschisis Omphalocele Pentalogy of Cantrell Body Stalk Anomaly Bladder Exstrophy Cloacal Exstrophy/OEIS Syndrome Bowel Abnormalities Esophageal Atresia Duodenal Atresia Jejunal, Ileal Atresia Colonic Atresia Anal Atresia Cloacal Malformation/Urogenital Sinus Volvulus Enteric Duplication Cyst Peritoneal Abnormalities Meconium Peritonitis, Pseudocyst Mesenteric Lymphangioma Hepatobiliary Abnormalities Gallstones Choledochal Cyst Splenic Cyst Gestational Alloimmune Liver Disease Biliary Atresia Congenital Hepatic Hemangioma Mesenchymal Hamartoma Hepatoblastoma Pertinent Differential Diagnoses Echogenic Bowel Ascites Cystic Abdominal Mass Hepatomegaly Genitourinary Tract Introduction and Overview Embryology and Anatomy of the Genitourinary Tract Approach to the Fetal Genitourinary Tract Urinary Tract Dilation Renal Developmental Variants Unilateral Renal Agenesis Duplicated Collecting System Pelvic Kidney Horseshoe Kidney Crossed Fused Ectopia Renal Malformations Bilateral Renal Agenesis Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction Urinoma Obstructive Renal Dysplasia Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Mesoblastic Nephroma Adrenal Abnormalities Adrenal Hemorrhage Neuroblastoma Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Bladder Malformations Posterior Urethral Valves Prune-Belly Syndrome Ureterocele Urachal Anomalies Genital Abnormalities Disorders of Sex Development Hypospadias Ovarian Cyst Hydrocolpos Pertinent Differential Diagnoses Hydronephrosis Echogenic Kidneys Unilateral Enlarged Kidney Suprarenal Mass Scrotal Mass Musculoskeletal Dysplasias Approach to Skeletal Dysplasias Bone Length Charts Achondrogenesis, Hypochondrogenesis Achondroplasia Amelia/Phocomelia Atelosteogenesis Campomelic Dysplasia Chondrodysplasia Punctata Cleidocranial Dysplasia Greenberg Dysplasia Hypophosphatasia Metaphyseal Chondrodysplasia Osteogenesis Imperfecta Short Rib-Polydactyly Syndromes Thanatophoric Dysplasia Extremity Malformations Clubfoot Rocker-Bottom Foot Radial Ray Malformation Clinodactyly Polydactyly Syndactyly Split Hand/Foot Malformation Arthrogryposis, Akinesia Sequence Proximal Focal Femoral Dysplasia Fibular/Tibial Hemimelia Pertinent Differential Diagnoses Mildly Short Femur/Humerus Curved/Angulated Bones Abnormal Ossification Placenta, Membranes, and Umbilical Cord Introduction and Overview Approach to the Placenta and Umbilical Cord Placenta and Membrane Abnormalities Placental Abruption Placenta Previa/Low-Lying Placenta Vasa Previa Placenta Accreta Spectrum Placental Lake, Intervillous Thrombus Succenturiate Lobe Circumvallate Placenta Marginal and Velamentous Cord Insertion Chorioangioma Placental Teratoma Placental Mesenchymal Dysplasia Umbilical Cord Abnormalities Single Umbilical Artery Umbilical Vein Varix Persistent Right Umbilical Vein Pertinent Differential Diagnoses Placental Cysts and Masses Umbilical Cord Cysts and Masses Multiple Gestations Approach to Multiple Gestations Dichorionic Diamniotic Twins Monochorionic Diamniotic Twins Monochorionic Monoamniotic Twins Selective Fetal Growth Restriction Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome Twin Anemia-Polycythemia Sequence Twin Reversed Arterial Perfusion Conjoined Twins Triplets and Beyond Fetus-in-Fetu Aneuploidy Approach to Genetic Screening Trisomy 21 Trisomy 18 Trisomy 13 Turner Syndrome Triploidy Syndromes and Multisystem Disorders Approach to Syndromes 22q11 Deletion Syndrome Aicardi Syndrome Amniotic Band Syndrome Apert Syndrome Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome Carpenter Syndrome CHARGE Syndrome Cornelia de Lange Syndrome Cystic Fibrosis Crouzon Syndrome Diabetic Embryopathy Fraser Syndrome Fryns Syndrome Holt-Oram Syndrome Idiopathic Infantile Arterial Calcification Joubert Syndrome Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome Meckel-Gruber Syndrome Muenke Syndrome Miller-Dieker Syndrome Multiple Pterygium Syndromes Neu-Laxova Syndrome Niemann-Pick Disease Type C Noonan Syndrome Oculo-Auriculo-Vertebral Spectrum (OAVS) PHACES Syndrome Pfeiffer Syndrome Pierre Robin Sequence Sirenomelia Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome Treacher Collins Syndrome VACTERL Association Valproate Embryopathy Warfarin (Coumadin) Embryopathy Walker-Warburg Syndrome Wolf-Hirschorn Syndrome Zellweger Spectrum Disorder Infection Cytomegalovirus Parvovirus Toxoplasmosis Varicella Congenital Syphilis Fluid, Growth, and Well-Being Approach to Fetal Well-Being Fetal Growth Restriction Macrosomia Fetal Anemia Pertinent Differential Diagnoses Polyhydramnios Oligohydramnios Hydrops Maternal Conditions in Pregnancy Cervical Insufficiency/Short Cervix Myoma in Pregnancy Adenomyosis in Pregnancy Müllerian Duct Anomalies in Pregnancy Synechiae Uterine Dehiscence/Rupture Retained Products of Conception Pertinent Differential Diagnoses Adnexal Mass in Pregnancy Acute Abdomen in Pregnancy Intrauterine Linear Echoes Postpartum Hemorrhage Postpartum Pain/Fever