Cryogenic Heat Management

The book titled Cryogenic Heat Management recently published by CRC, Taylor & Francis, is a very useful reference for scientists and engineers working with low temperatures and facing the variety of problems of heat management. This field is huge and span from high energy physics experiments to space technology, from the transport and storing of liquid gasses to their management by the final users. Depending on the application in term of temperature, size and project specifications very different solutions have been implemented making use of a large variety of materials and technologies. Based on their great experience in the field, after a clear introduction on heat transfer, the authors address in the first chapters of the book the general problem of cryogenic heat management discussing separately a few common topics: insulation, supports, thermals shields, transfer pipes, storage vessels and vacuum. This choice looks very efficient and makes clear the comparison among the different solutions, each one tightly linked to its specific project. Comparative tables, pictures, and schematics, together with a consistent bibliography, are guiding the reader. In each chapter the specific common topic is addressed through real examples from first-class applications taken from aerospace, large science infrastructures and nuclear fusion, but also from the management and clean transport of the huge quantity of Liquid Natural Gas around the world. Comparison with more common applications in medicine and industry are always part of the discussion. The second part of the book, from chapter 8 to chapter 13, is dedicated to instrumentation, cryogenic measurements, and a few special topics, discussing their importance and criticalities. I found of particular interest the discussion on current leads and RF couplers. These items are crucial in some important applications, but both represent an unavoidable penetration that creates a direct connection from the cold-mass and the room temperature. Finally, the description of thermal switches and special cryostats for extreme applications are noteworthy too. This final part of the book is very interesting and completes the knowledge transfer from the expert authors to the readers who are expected being involved in the design, choice, or operation of a cryogenic apparatus where the deep understanding of the cryogenic heat management is crucial. - Professor Carlo Pagani, University of Milano and INFN Emeritus Scientist, 23/08/2022. The book titled Cryogenic Heat Management recently published by CRC, Taylor & Francis, is a very useful reference for scientists and engineers working with low temperatures and facing the variety of problems of heat management. This field is huge and span from high energy physics experiments to space technology, from the transport and storing of liquid gasses to their management by the final users. Depending on the application in term of temperature, size and project specifications very different solutions have been implemented making use of a large variety of materials and technologies. Based on their great experience in the field, after a clear introduction on heat transfer, the authors address in the first chapters of the book the general problem of cryogenic heat management discussing separately a few common topics: insulation, supports, thermals shields, transfer pipes, storage vessels and vacuum. This choice looks very efficient and makes clear the comparison among the different solutions, each one tightly linked to its specific project. Comparative tables, pictures, and schematics, together with a consistent bibliography, are guiding the reader. In each chapter the specific common topic is addressed through real examples from first-class applications taken from aerospace, large science infrastructures and nuclear fusion, but also from the management and clean transport of the huge quantity of Liquid Natural Gas around the world. Comparison with more common applications in medicine and industry are always part of the discussion. The second part of the book, from chapter 8 to chapter 13, is dedicated to instrumentation, cryogenic measurements, and a few special topics, discussing their importance and criticalities. I found of particular interest the discussion on current leads and RF couplers. These items are crucial in some important applications, but both represent an unavoidable penetration that creates a direct connection from the cold-mass and the room temperature. Finally, the description of thermal switches and special cryostats for extreme applications are noteworthy too. This final part of the book is very interesting and completes the knowledge transfer from the expert authors to the readers who are expected being involved in the design, choice, or operation of a cryogenic apparatus where the deep understanding of the cryogenic heat management is crucial. - Professor Carlo Pagani, University of Milano and INFN Emeritus Scientist, 23/08/2022. ""This book is an excellent resource of cryogenic design theories and concepts from the thermophysical foundations to a broad spectrum of space, superconducting, and radio frequency cavity applications. A useful reference textbook with relevant and detailed references, it would also be an excellent undergraduate senior design or graduate-level advanced cryogenic design reference. The information this book provides would have saved me considerable time in previous cryogenic design projects; I look forward to using it frequently in the years to come. Having focused on cryogenics and applied superconductivity since my college years, I am grateful to have spent time with each of the authors. Their style and experience, which I have had the privilege of seeing in action, come across clearly within this book. They have put together a diverse collection of cryogenic applications and resources that I would gladly recommend to any new staff member or engineer in the field looking to design cryogenic equipment. This book won’t solve all their issues or mine because we are fortunate to have a strong and growing international cryogenic manufacturing community. However, it will provide a great starting point for asking better questions and getting to more timely solutions."" — Robert Duckworth, Senior R&D Staff & Fusion Technology Group Leader, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, for the Cryogenic Society Association (Autumn, 2022) ""Cryogenics plays important roles in fundamental physics research and many high-tech applications. Mastering the cryogenic knowledge and related technologies is very much like solving a Jigsaw puzzle. Books and literatures covering different aspects in this field and with different styles form the basic pieces. Through reading, generalization, analysis and critical thinking, readers can piece up a relatively complete picture of a specified area and thus upgrade to a higher level. As one of the precious pieces, the book contains rich knowledge and experiences from three renowned experts in this field. The topic covers cryogenic thermal control, thermal insulation, heat calorimeter and typical engineering applications. Meanwhile, the book also introduces heat switches, superconducting technologies (high current leads, RF high-power coupler, etc.) and some most recent developments closely related to cryogenics (Superconducting accelerators, Tokamaks, FEL, Space sciences etc.). While containing necessary fundamental knowledge, the key feature of the book is its focus on practical applications. With more than 300 hundred engineering figures and photos and lots of experimental data, the book serves as a very valuable source for senior and post-graduate students, Professor, researchers and engineers."" ⁠—Professor Wai Dai, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Cryogenic Heat Management provides a sound layout that serves a range of readers, from students and early-career engineers or scientists interested in an introduction to the topic to senior-level personnel interested in the content of a specific chapter. For those starting out, a refresher on basic thermodynamic and heat transfer concepts (Ch. 1) and insulation theory and applications (Ch. 2 and 3) is provided before the authors put forth different applications in the later chapters. These chapters stand alone well as each has its own brief introduction before working through examples that cover space-related and large-scale applications of large helium, hydrogen or nitrogen cryogenic systems. The authors represent the technical details and motivation behind different theories and approaches to each topic well, with timely illustrations, examples and relevant references at the end of each chapter. The reasonable number of references encourages further exploration without the possibility of going down too many rabbit holes. The diversity of cryogenic topics across these chapters is of great value; the authors address topics that are often consolidated in higher-level design treatments, where their enjoyable details can be lost. Having focused on cryogenics and applied superconductivity since my college years, I am grateful to have spent time with each of the authors. Their style and experience, which I have had the privilege of seeing in action, come across clearly in this book and in a diverse collection of cryogenic applications and resources that I would gladly recommend to any new staff member or engineer in the field looking to design cryogenic equipment. This book won’t solve all their issues or mine because we are fortunate to have a strong and growing international cryogenic manufacturing community. However, it will provide a great starting point for asking better questions and getting to more timely solutions. --Robert Duckworth, CSA member, Senior R&D Staff & Fusion Technology Group Leader, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Cold Facts, October 2022. Cryogenic Heat Management is a very useful reference for scientists and engineers working with low temperatures and facing the various obstacles of heat management. This field is huge and spans from high energy physics experiments to space technology and from the transport and storing of liquid gases to their management by the final users. Depending on the application in terms of temperature, size and project specifications, different solutions have been implemented, making use of a large variety of materials and technologies. Based on their great experience in the field and after a clear introduction on heat transfer, the authors address in the first chapters of the book the general problem of cryogenic heat management by discussing separately a few common topics: insulation, supports, thermal shields, transfer pipes, storage vessels and vacuum. This choice is quite efficient and makes clear the comparison among the different solutions, each one tightly linked to its specific project. Comparative tables, pictures and schematics, together with a consistent bibliography, guide the reader. In each chapter, the specific common topic is addressed through real examples from first-class applications taken from aerospace, large science infrastructures, and from nuclear fusion, but they also draw from the management and clean transport of the huge quantity of Liquefied Natural Gas found around the world. Comparison with more common applications in medicine and industry are always part of the discussion. The second part of the book (chapters 8-13) is dedicated to instrumentation, cryogenic measurements and a few special topics, discussing their importance and crucialities. I found of particular interest the discussion on current leads and RF couplers. These items are crucial in some important applications, but both represent an unavoidable penetration that creates a direct connection from the cold-mass and the room temperature. Finally, the description of thermal switches and special cryostats for extreme applications are noteworthy as well. This final part of the book is very interesting and completes the knowledge transfer from the expert authors to the readers, who are expected to be involved in the design, choice or operation of a cryogenic apparatus where a deep understanding of cryogenic heat management is crucial. --Professor Carlo Pagani, University of Milano and INFN Emeritus Scientist, Cold Facts, October 2022.