Clinical Cases in Avian and Exotic Animal Hematology and Cytology

Preface ix Acronyms and Abbreviations xi Section 1: Mammalian Hematology Case Studies Case 1 A 6-year-old otter undergoing a routine physical examination 5 Case 2 A 10-year-old ferret with lethargy and anorexia 9 Case 3 A 6-year-old ferret with anorexia and lethargy 13 Case 4 A 2-year-old ferret with weight loss and lethargy 17 Case 5 A 3-year-old rabbit with anorexia 21 Case 6 A 6-year-old hedgehog with anorexia and ataxia 27 Case 7 A 7-year-old guinea pig with anorexia and decreased water intake 31 Case 8 A 31/2-year-old ferret with lethargy and weight loss 35 Section 2: Avian Hematology Case Studies Case 9 A 1-year-old parrot with an acute onset of severe illness 45 Case 10 A 2-year-old chicken with lethargy inappetence and lack of egg laying 49 Case 11 A 14-year-old macaw with feather-picking behavior and weight loss 53 Case 12 A 14-year-old parrot with weakness anorexia and labored breathing 57 Case 13 A 4-year-old parrot with anorexia weakness and lethargy 61 Case 14 An adult vulture with generalized weakness 65 Case 15 A 2-year-old tragopan with wounds 67 Case 16 A 5-month-old chicken with lethargy 69 Case 17 A 4-year-old budgerigar with generalized weakness and breathing heavily 73 Case 18 A 41/2-year-old duck with acute dyspnea 75 Case 19 A 14-year-old falcon with anorexia 79 Case 20 An 8-month-old hawk with anorexia weakness and vomiting 83 Case 21 A juvenile kestrel with a drooping right wing and blood in the left nares 89 Section 3: Herptile Hematology Case Studies Case 22 A 20-year-old turtle with lethargy and anorexia 95 Case 23 A 3-year-old lizard with lethargy and keeping the eyes closed 101 Case 24 An 18-month-old lizard with an oral mass 105 Case 25 A 35-year-old tortoise with anorexia lethargy and constipation 111 Case 26 An adult turtle with a fractured carapace and leg laceration 117 Case 27 A 2-year-old lizard with anorexia and weight loss 121 Section 4: Fish Hematology Case Studies Case 28 An adult stingray with weight loss and lethargy 127 Case 29 An adult stingray undergoing a routine physical examination 131 Section 5: Mammalian Cytology Case Studies Case 30 A 6-year-old guinea pig with excessive drinking and urination soft stools and weight loss 137 Case 31 A 2-year-old rat with diarrhea dry skin and squinting eye 143 Case 32 A 6-year-old tiger with two masses in her mouth 147 Case 33 A 10-year-old lion with weight loss and lethargy 151 Case 34 A 51/2-year-old ferret presented for a presurgical evaluation 155 Case 35 A 4-year-old ferret with a tail mass 159 Case 36 A 5-year-old rabbit with a mass near the left nostril 163 Case 37 A 1-year-old chinchilla with a closed eye 167 Case 38 A 5-year-old ferret with a swollen head 169 Case 39 A 2-year-old rat with a swelling around the left inguinal area 173 Case 40 A 5-year-old ferret with lethargy dyspnea diarrhea polyuria and polydypsia 175 Case 41 A 3-year-old guinea pig with anorexia and decreased water intake 179 Case 42 A 9-year-old ferret with a mass on the ear 181 Case 43 A 3-year-old ferret with lethargy and weight loss 183 Case 44 A 3-month-old ferret with a prolapsed rectum 187 Case 45 A 21/2-year-old gerbil with lethargy and anorexia 193 Case 46 A 5-year-old guinea pig with an ulcerated swelling in the abdominal area 195 Case 47 A 6-year-old ferret with pawing at the mouth 199 Case 48 A 7-year-old ferret with bilateral alopecia 203 Section 6: Avian Cytology Case Studies Case 49 A 20-year-old parrot with dyspnea weight loss and persistent ascites 209 Case 50 An 11-year-old cockatiel with a mass in the ear 213 Case 51 A 4-year-old cockatiel with a swollen head 215 Case 52 An adult owl with a swollen elbow 219 Case 53 A 2-year-old macaw with left leg lameness 221 Case 54 A 6-year-old lovebird with dystocia 225 Case 55 A 5-year-old parrot with dyspnea 227 Case 56 A 2-year-old macaw with anorexia and weight loss 235 Case 57 An adult goose with a mass on the wing 241 Case 58 A 14-year-old budgerigar with lethargy and anorexia 245 Case 59 A 35-year-old parrot with weight loss and dyspnea 249 Case 60 A 29-year-old parrot with halitosis and reduced vocalization 253 Case 61 A 6-month-old cockatiel with labored breathing 257 Case 62 A 13-year-old parrot with a prolapsed cloaca 259 Case 63 A 17-year-old cockatoo with broken blood feathers 265 Case 64 An adult duck with a mass on the rhinotheca 271 Case 65 A 3-month-old flamingo with a mass on the rhinotheca 277 Section 7: Herptile Cytology Case Studies Case 66 A 2-year-old lizard with difficulty breathing 281 Case 67 A 3-year-old lizard with vomiting and weight loss 285 Case 68 A 9-year-old lizard with a mass near the vent 287 Case 69 A 19-year-old lizard with a large mass on its leg 289 Case 70 An 11-year-old lizard with an oral mass 293 Case 71 A 10-year-old snake with a coelomic mass and concern of intestinal impaction 297 Case 72 A 9-month-old lizard with anorexia and weight loss 299 Case 73 A 6-year-old lizard with a tail mass 301 Case 74 A 27-year-old snake with a snout lesion 305 Case 75 A 1-year-old lizard with multiple infections 309 Case 76 An adult snake with severe dyspnea 311 Case 77 An adult newt with a white skin lesion 315 Case 78 An adult frog in a moribund condition 317 Case 79 A 10-year-old lizard with anorexia 321 Section 8: Fish Cytology Case Studies Case 80 An adult eel with anorexia and skin lesions 325 Case 81 A 11/2-year-old goldfish with dropsy 329 Case 82 A 6-year-old fish with a red mass protruding from the vent 333 Case 83 An adult stingray with skin masses 335 Case 84 An adult fish with a mass projecting from the gills 339 Case 85 A 5-year-old fish with bloating and constipation 341 Case 86 An adult fish with lesions around its mouth 345 Case 87 An adult fish with a large red mass on its belly 349 Case 88 A 3-year-old fish with a growth below the eye 351 Case 89 An adult fish with increased gilling and eye lesions 355 Case 90 A fish that is a sole survivor of a massive fish die-off 357 Case 91 An adult stingray presented for examination for coccidia 359 Case 92 An adult fish with a large mass on its operculum 361 Case 93 An adult fish with a mass on its side 365 Case 94 An adult fish with ulcerative skin lesions 367 References 371 Index 373