CCNA 200-301 Official Cert Guide, Volume 1

Introduction xxxiv Your Study Plan 2 Part I Introduction to Networking 15 Chapter 1 Introduction to TCP/IP Networking 16 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 17 Foundation Topics 18 Perspectives on Networking 18 TCP/IP Networking Model 19 History Leading to TCP/IP 20 Overview of the TCP/IP Networking Model 21 TCP/IP Application Layer 23 HTTP Overview 23 HTTP Protocol Mechanisms 23 TCP/IP Transport Layer 24 TCP Error Recovery Basics 25 Same-Layer and Adjacent-Layer Interactions 25 TCP/IP Network Layer 26 Internet Protocol and the Postal Service 26 Internet Protocol Addressing Basics 27 IP Routing Basics 28 TCP/IP Data-Link and Physical Layers 29 Data Encapsulation Terminology 31 Names of TCP/IP Messages 31 OSI Networking Model and Terminology 32 Comparing OSI and TCP/IP Layer Names and Numbers 33 Chapter Review 34 Chapter 2 Fundamentals of Ethernet LANs 36 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 36 Foundation Topics 38 An Overview of LANs 38 Typical SOHO LANs 39 Typical Enterprise LANs 40 The Variety of Ethernet Physical Layer Standards 41 Consistent Behavior over All Links Using the Ethernet Data-Link Layer 42 Building Physical Ethernet LANs with UTP 43 Transmitting Data Using Twisted Pairs 43 Breaking Down a UTP Ethernet Link 44 UTP Cabling Pinouts for 10BASE-T and 100BASE-T 46 Straight-Through Cable Pinout 46 Choosing the Right Cable Pinouts 48 Automatic Rewiring with Auto-MDIX 49 UTP Cabling Pinouts for 1000BASE-T 49 Building Physical Ethernet LANs with Fiber 50 Fiber Cabling Transmission Concepts 50 Using Fiber with Ethernet 52 Sending Data in Ethernet Networks 53 Ethernet Data-Link Protocols 53 Ethernet Addressing 54 Identifying Network Layer Protocols with the Ethernet Type Field 56 Error Detection with FCS 56 Sending Ethernet Frames with Switches and Hubs 57 Sending in Modern Ethernet LANs Using Full Duplex 57 Using Half Duplex with LAN Hubs 58 Chapter Review 60 Chapter 3 Fundamentals of WANs and IP Routing 62 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 62 Foundation Topics 64 Wide-Area Networks 64 Leased-Line WANs 64 Physical Details of Leased Lines 65 Data-Link Details of Leased Lines 66 How Routers Use a WAN Data Link 67 Ethernet as a WAN Technology 69 Ethernet WANs That Create a Layer 2 Service 70 How Routers Route IP Packets Using Ethernet WAN Links 70 IP Routing 71 Network Layer Routing (Forwarding) Logic 72 Host Forwarding Logic: Send the Packet to the Default Router 73 R1 and R2’s Logic: Routing Data Across the Network 73 R3’s Logic: Delivering Data to the End Destination 73 How Network Layer Routing Uses LANs and WANs 73 How IP Addressing Helps IP Routing 76 Rules for Groups of IP Addresses (Networks and Subnets) 76 The IP Header 77 How IP Routing Protocols Help IP Routing 77 Other Network Layer Features 79 Using Names and the Domain Name System 79 The Address Resolution Protocol 80 ICMP Echo and the ping Command 81 Chapter Review 82 Part I Review 84 Part II Implementing Ethernet LANs 87 Chapter 4 Using the Command-Line Interface 88 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 88 Foundation Topics 90 Accessing the Cisco Catalyst Switch CLI 90 Cisco Catalyst Switches 90 Accessing the Cisco IOS XE CLI 91 The Operating System in Cisco Catalyst Switches 92 Accessing the IOS XE CLI 92 Cabling the Console Connection 93 Configuring a Terminal Emulator 95 Accessing the CLI with Telnet and SSH 96 User and Enable (Privileged) Modes 96 Password Security for CLI Access from the Console 98 Accessing the CLI with the WebUI 99 CLI Help Features 101 The debug and show Commands 103 Configuring Cisco IOS Software 103 Configuration Submodes and Contexts 104 Storing Switch Configuration Files 106 Copying and Erasing Configuration Files 109 Chapter Review 109 Chapter 5 Analyzing Ethernet LAN Switching 112 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 112 Foundation Topics 114 LAN Switching Concepts 114 Overview of Switching Logic 115 Forwarding Known Unicast Frames 116 Learning MAC Addresses 118 Flooding Unknown Unicast and Broadcast Frames 119 Avoiding Loops Using Spanning Tree Protocol 120 LAN Switching Summary 121 Verifying and Analyzing Ethernet Switching 121 Demonstrating MAC Learning 122 Switch Interfaces 123 Finding Entries in the MAC Address Table 124 Managing the MAC Address Table (Aging, Clearing) 126 MAC Address Tables with Multiple Switches 127 Chapter Review 128 Chapter 6 Configuring Basic Switch Management 132 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 132 Foundation Topics 134 Securing the Switch CLI 134 Securing User Mode and Privileged Mode with Simple Passwords 135 Securing User Mode Access with Local Usernames and Passwords 139 Securing User Mode Access with External Authentication Servers 141 Securing Remote Access with Secure Shell 142 Enabling and Securing the WebUI 145 Enabling IPv4 for Remote Access 146 Host and Switch IP Settings 147 Configuring IPv4 on a Switch 149 Configuring a Switch to Learn Its IP Address with DHCP 150 Verifying IPv4 on a Switch 150 Miscellaneous Settings Useful in the Lab 151 History Buffer Commands 151 The logging synchronous, exec-timeout, and no ip domain-lookup Commands 152 Chapter Review 153 Chapter 7 Configuring and Verifying Switch Interfaces 158 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 158 Foundation Topics 161 Configuring Switch Interface Speed and Duplex 161 IEEE Autonegotiation Concepts 161 Autonegotiation Under Working Conditions 161 Autonegotiation Results When Only One Node Uses Autonegotiation 163 Autonegotiation and LAN Hubs 165 Configuring Autonegotiation, Speed, and Duplex 165 Using Autonegotiation on Cisco Switches 165 Setting Speed and Duplex Manually 169 Using Auto-MDIX on Cisco Switches 170 Managing Switch Interface Configuration 172 The Description and Interface Range Commands 172 Administratively Controlling Interface State with shutdown 173 Removing Configuration with the no Command 174 Analyzing Switch Interface Status and Statistics 176 Interface Status Codes 176 The Duplex Mismatch Issue 177 Common Layer 1 Problems on Working Interfaces 178 Chapter Review 180 Part II Review 184 Part III Implementing VLANs and STP 187 Chapter 8 Implementing Ethernet Virtual LANs 188 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 189 Foundation Topics 191 Virtual LAN Concepts 191 Creating Multiswitch VLANs Using Trunking 192 VLAN Tagging Concepts 193 The 802.1Q and ISL VLAN Trunking Protocols 194 Forwarding Data Between VLANs 195 The Need for Routing Between VLANs 195 Routing Packets Between VLANs with a Router 196 VLAN and VLAN Trunking Configuration and Verification 197 Creating VLANs and Assigning Access VLANs to an Interface 197 VLAN Configuration Example 1: Full VLAN Configuration 198 VLAN Configuration Example 2: Shorter VLAN Configuration 201 VLAN Trunking Protocol 201 VLAN Trunking Configuration 203 Implementing Interfaces Connected to Phones 207 Data and Voice VLAN Concepts 208 Data and Voice VLAN Configuration and Verification 209 Summary: IP Telephony Ports on Switches 212 Troubleshooting VLANs and VLAN Trunks 212 Confirm the Correct Access VLAN Is Assigned 213 Access VLANs Undefined or Disabled 213 Mismatched Trunking Operational States 215 The Supported VLAN List on Trunks 217 Mismatched Native VLAN on a Trunk 218 Chapter Review 218 Chapter 9 Spanning Tree Protocol Concepts 222 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 223 Foundation Topics 224 STP and RSTP Basics 224 The Need for Spanning Tree 225 What Spanning Tree Does 227 How Spanning Tree Works 228 The STP Bridge ID and Hello BPDU 229 Electing the Root Switch 230 Choosing Each Switch’s Root Port 232 Choosing the Designated Port on Each LAN Segment 234 Configuring to Influence the STP Topology 235 Details Specific to STP (and Not RSTP) 236 STP Activity When the Network Remains Stable 236 STP Timers That Manage STP Convergence 237 Changing Interface States with STP 238 Rapid STP Concepts 239 Comparing STP and RSTP 240 RSTP and the Alternate (Root) Port Role 241 RSTP States and Processes 243 RSTP and the Backup (Designated) Port Role 244 RSTP Port Types 245 Optional STP Features 246 EtherChannel 246 PortFast 247 BPDU Guard 248 BPDU Filter 248 BPDU Filter to Prevent Loops on PortFast Ports 249 BPDU Filter to Disable STP on a Port 249 Root Guard 250 Loop Guard 251 Chapter Review 254 Chapter 10 RSTP and EtherChannel Configuration 256 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 256 Foundation Topics 259 Understanding RSTP Through Configuration 259 The Need for Multiple Spanning Trees 260 STP Modes and Standards 260 The Bridge ID and System ID Extension 261 Identifying Switch Priority and the Root Switch 263 Switch Priority and Identifying the Root Switch 263 Switch Priority Using Root Primary and Secondary 265 RSTP (One Tree) and RPVST+ (One Tree Per VLAN) 266 Identifying Port Cost, Role, and State 266 Identifying Optional STP Features 269 PortFast and BPDU Guard 269 PortFast and BPDU Guard on an Access Port with One Endpoint 269 PortFast on VLAN Trunks and Voice Pseudo-Trunks 271 Global Configuration of PortFast and BPDU Guard 273 BPDU Filter 274 Conditional BPDU Filtering with Global Configuration 275 Disabling STP with BPDU Filter Interface Configuration 277 Root Guard 278 Loop Guard 279 Configuring Layer 2 EtherChannel 281 Configuring a Manual Layer 2 EtherChannel 281 Configuring Dynamic EtherChannels 284 Interface Configuration Consistency with EtherChannels 287 EtherChannel Load Distribution 289 Chapter Review 291 Part III Review 296 Part IV IPv4 Addressing 299 Chapter 11 Perspectives on IPv4 Subnetting 300 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 300 Foundation Topics 302 Introduction to Subnetting 302 Subnetting Defined Through a Simple Example 302 Operational View Versus Design View of Subnetting 303 Analyze Subnetting and Addressing Needs 304 Rules About Which Hosts Are in Which Subnet 304 Determining the Number of Subnets 305 Determining the Number of Hosts per Subnet 307 One Size Subnet Fits All—Or Not 307 Defining the Size of a Subnet 308 One Size Subnet Fits All 308 Multiple Subnet Sizes (Variable-Length Subnet Masks) 309 One Mask for All Subnets, or More Than One 310 Make Design Choices 311 Choose a Classful Network 311 Public IP Networks 311 Growth Exhausts the Public IP Address Space 312 Private IP Networks 313 Choosing an IP Network During the Design Phase 314 Choose the Mask 314 Classful IP Networks Before Subnetting 315 Borrowing Host Bits to Create Subnet Bits 315 Choosing Enough Subnet and Host Bits 316 Example Design: 172.16.0.0, 200 Subnets, 200 Hosts 317 Masks and Mask Formats 318 Build a List of All Subnets 318 Plan the Implementation 320 Assigning Subnets to Different Locations 320 Choose Static and Dynamic Ranges per Subnet 321 Chapter Review 322 Chapter 12 Analyzing Classful IPv4 Networks 324 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 324 Foundation Topics 325 Classful Network Concepts 325 Setting the Context of Public Networks and CIDR Blocks 326 IPv4 Network Classes and Related Facts 328 The Number and Size of the Class A, B, and C Networks 329 Address Formats 330 Default Masks 330 Number of Hosts per Network 331 Deriving the Network ID and Related Numbers 331 Unusual Network IDs and Network Broadcast Addresses 333 Practice with Classful Networks 334 Practice Deriving Key Facts Based on an IP Address 334 Practice Remembering the Details of Address Classes 335 Chapter Review 335 Chapter 13 Analyzing Subnet Masks 338 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 338 Foundation Topics 340 Subnet Mask Conversion 340 Three Mask Formats 340 Converting Between Binary and Prefix Masks 341 Converting Between Binary and DDN Masks 342 Converting Between Prefix and DDN Masks 344 Practice Converting Subnet Masks 344 Identifying Subnet Design Choices Using Masks 345 Masks Divide the Subnet’s Addresses into Two Parts 346 Masks and Class Divide Addresses into Three Parts 347 Classless and Classful Addressing 348 Calculations Based on the IPv4 Address Format 349 Practice Analyzing Subnet Masks 350 Masks and CIDR Blocks 351 Chapter Review 352 Chapter 14 Analyzing Existing Subnets 356 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 356 Foundation Topics 358 Defining a Subnet 358 An Example with Network 172.16.0.0 and Four Subnets 358 Subnet ID Concepts 360 Subnet Broadcast Address 361 Range of Usable Addresses 361 Analyzing Existing Subnets: Binary 362 Finding the Subnet ID: Binary 362 Finding the Subnet Broadcast Address: Binary 363 Binary Practice Problems 364 Shortcut for the Binary Process 365 A Brief Note About Boolean Math 367 Finding the Range of Addresses 367 Analyzing Existing Subnets: Decimal 367 Analysis with Easy Masks 367 Predictability in the Interesting Octet 368 Finding the Subnet ID: Difficult Masks 369 Resident Subnet Example 1 370 Resident Subnet Example 2 371 Resident Subnet Practice Problems 371 Finding the Subnet Broadcast Address: Difficult Masks 372 Subnet Broadcast Example 1 372 Subnet Broadcast Example 2 372 Subnet Broadcast Address Practice Problems 373 Practice Analyzing Existing Subnets 373 A Choice: Memorize or Calculate 373 Chapter Review 374 Chapter 15 Subnet Design 378 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 378 Foundation Topics 380 Choosing the Mask(s) to Meet Requirements 380 Review: Choosing the Minimum Number of Subnet and Host Bits 380 No Masks Meet Requirements 381 One Mask Meets Requirements 382 Multiple Masks Meet Requirements 383 Finding All the Masks: Concepts 383 Finding All the Masks: Math 384 Choosing the Best Mask 385 The Formal Process 385 Practice Choosing Subnet Masks 386 Practice Problems for Choosing a Subnet Mask 386 Finding All Subnet IDs 386 First Subnet ID: The Zero Subnet 387 Finding the Pattern Using the Magic Number 388 A Formal Process with Fewer Than 8 Subnet Bits 389 Example 1: Network 172.16.0.0, Mask 255.255.240.0 390 Example 2: Network 192.168.1.0, Mask 255.255.255.224 391 Finding All Subnets with Exactly 8 Subnet Bits 393 Finding All Subnets with More Than 8 Subnet Bits 393 Process with 9–16 Subnet Bits 393 Process with 17 or More Subnet Bits 395 Practice Finding All Subnet IDs 396 Practice Problems for Finding All Subnet IDs 396 Chapter Review 396 Part IV Review 402 Part V IPv4 Routing 405 Chapter 16 Operating Cisco Routers 406 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 406 Foundation Topics 407 Installing Cisco Routers 407 Installing Enterprise Routers 408 The Cisco Router Operating Systems 409 Cisco Integrated Services Routers 410 The Cisco Catalyst Edge Platform 411 Physical Installation 412 Installing SOHO Routers 412 Enabling IPv4 Support on Cisco Router Interfaces 413 Accessing the Router CLI 414 Router Interfaces 415 Interface Status Codes 417 Router Interface IP Addresses 418 Ethernet Interface Autonegotiation 420 Bandwidth and Clock Rate on Serial Interfaces 423 Router Auxiliary Port 423 Chapter Review 423 Chapter 17 Configuring IPv4 Addresses and Static Routes 426 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 427 Foundation Topics 428 IP Routing 428 IPv4 Routing Process Reference 429 An Example of IP Routing 431 Host Forwards the IP Packet to the Default Router (Gateway) 432 Routing Step 1: Decide Whether to Process the Incoming Frame 432 Routing Step 2: De-encapsulation of the IP Packet 433 Routing Step 3: Choosing Where to Forward the Packet 433 Routing Step 4: Encapsulating the Packet in a New Frame 434 Routing Step 5: Transmitting the Frame 435 Configuring IP Addresses and Connected Routes 435 Connected Routes and the ip address Command 436 Common Mistakes with the ip address Subcommand 438 The ARP Table on a Cisco Router 439 Configuring Static Routes 440 Static Network Routes 441 Verifying Static Network Routes 442 Ethernet Outgoing Interfaces and Proxy ARP 443 Static Default Routes 443 Static Host Routes 445 Floating Static Routes 447 Troubleshooting Static Routes 448 Incorrect Static Routes That Appear in the IP Routing Table 448 The Static Route Does Not Appear in the IP Routing Table 449 The Correct Static Route Appears but Works Poorly 450 Chapter Review 450 Chapter 18 IP Routing in the LAN 454 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 455 Foundation Topics 457 VLAN Routing with Router 802.1Q Trunks 457 Configuring ROAS 458 Verifying ROAS 461 Troubleshooting ROAS 463 VLAN Routing with Layer 3 Switch SVIs 464 Configuring Routing Using Switch SVIs 464 Verifying Routing with SVIs 466 Troubleshooting Routing with SVIs 467 SVI Interface State with Autostate Enabled 467 SVI Interface State with Autostate Disabled 469 VLAN Routing with Layer 3 Switch Routed Ports 469 Implementing Routed Interfaces on Switches 470 Implementing Layer 3 EtherChannels 473 Troubleshooting Layer 3 EtherChannels 476 VLAN Routing on a Router’s LAN Switch Ports 477 Configuring Routing for Embedded Switch Ports 478 Verifying Routing for Embedded Switch Ports 480 Identifying Switched Ports in Routers 481 Chapter Review 482 Chapter 19 IP Addressing on Hosts 486 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 486 Foundation Topics 488 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 488 DHCP Concepts 488 APIPA IP Addresses (169.254.x.x) 490 Supporting DHCP for Remote Subnets with DHCP Relay 490 Information Stored at the DHCP Server 492 Configuring DHCP Features on Routers and Switches 493 Configuring DHCP Relay 494 Configuring a Switch as DHCP Client 495 Configuring a Router as DHCP Client 496 Identifying Host IPv4 Settings 497 Host Settings for IPv4 497 Host IP Settings on Windows 499 Host IP Settings on macOS 502 Host IP Settings on Linux 504 Troubleshooting Host IP Settings 506 A Working Windows Host with Static IP Configuration 506 A Failed Windows DHCP Client Due to IP Connectivity Issues 507 A Working Windows DHCP Client with Incorrect Settings 508 Chapter Review 510 Chapter 20 Troubleshooting IPv4 Routing 512 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 512 Foundation Topics 513 Problem Isolation Using the ping Command 513 Ping Command Basics 513 Strategies and Results When Testing with the ping Command 514 Testing Longer Routes from Near the Source of the Problem 514 Using Extended Ping to Test the Reverse Route 517 Testing LAN Neighbors with Standard Ping 519 Testing LAN Neighbors with Extended Ping 520 Testing WAN Neighbors with Standard Ping 521 Using Ping with Names and with IP Addresses 522 Problem Isolation Using the traceroute Command 524 traceroute Basics 524 How the traceroute Command Works 525 Standard and Extended traceroute 526 Telnet and SSH 527 Common Reasons to Use the IOS Telnet and SSH Client 528 IOS Telnet and SSH Examples 529 Chapter Review 530 Part V Review 534 Part VI OSPF 537 Chapter 21 Understanding OSPF Concepts 538 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 538 Foundation Topics 540 Comparing Dynamic Routing Protocol Features 540 Routing Protocol Functions 541 Interior and Exterior Routing Protocols 542 Comparing IGPs 543 IGP Routing Protocol Algorithms 543 Metrics 544 Other IGP Comparisons 545 OSPF Concepts and Operation 546 OSPF Overview 546 Topology Information and LSAs 546 Applying Dijkstra SPF Math to Find the Best Routes 547 Becoming OSPF Neighbors 548 The Basics of OSPF Neighbors 548 Meeting Neighbors and Learning Their Router ID 548 Exchanging the LSDB Between Neighbors 550 Fully Exchanging LSAs with Neighbors 550 Maintaining Neighbors and the LSDB 551 Using Designated Routers on Ethernet Links 552 Calculating the Best Routes with SPF 553 OSPF Areas and LSAs 555 OSPF Areas 555 How Areas Reduce SPF Calculation Time 556 (OSPFv2) Link-State Advertisements 557 Router LSAs Build Most of the Intra-Area Topology 558 Network LSAs Complete the Intra-Area Topology 559 Chapter Review 560 Chapter 22 Implementing Basic OSPF Features 562 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 562 Foundation Topics 564 Implementing OSPFv2 Using network Commands 564 OSPF Single-Area Configuration 565 Wildcard Matching with the network Command 566 Verifying OSPF Operation 569 Verifying OSPF Configuration 572 Configuring the OSPF Router ID 574 Implementing Multiarea OSPF 575 Implementing OSPFv2 Using Interface Subcommands 576 OSPF Interface Configuration Example 576 Verifying OSPF Interface Configuration 578 Chapter Review 580 Chapter 23 Implementing Optional OSPF Features 584 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 584 Foundation Topics 586 OSPF Network Types 586 The OSPF Broadcast Network Type 587 Verifying Operations with Network Type Broadcast 588 Using Priority and RID to Influence the DR/BDR Election 590 The OSPF Point-to-Point Network Type 592 Additional Optional OSPFv2 Features 594 OSPF Passive Interfaces 594 OSPF Default Routes 597 OSPF Metrics (Cost) 599 Setting the Cost Directly 599 Setting the Cost Based on Interface and Reference Bandwidth 600 OSPF Hello and Dead Intervals 602 Chapter Review 604 Chapter 24 OSPF Neighbors and Route Selection 608 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 608 Foundation Topics 611 OSPF Neighbor Relationships 611 OSPF Neighbor Requirements 611 Issues That Prevent Neighbor Adjacencies 612 Finding Area Mismatches 613 Finding Duplicate OSPF Router IDs 613 Finding OSPF Hello and Dead Timer Mismatches 614 Shutting Down the OSPF Process 615 Shutting Down OSPF on an Interface 617 Issues That Allow Neighbors but Prevent IP Routes 618 Mismatched MTU Settings 618 Mismatched OSPF Network Types 618 Both Neighbors Using OSPF Priority 0 618 Examples That Show OSPF Neighbors but No Routes 619 Route Selection 621 Equal-Cost Multipath OSPF Routes 621 Multiple Routes Learned from Competing Sources 622 IP Forwarding with the Longest Prefix Match 625 Using Your Subnetting Math Skills to Predict the Choice of Best Route 626 Using show ip route address to Find the Best Route 628 Interpreting the IP Routing Table 628 Chapter Review 630 Part VI Review 634 Part VII IP Version 6 637 Chapter 25 Fundamentals of IP Version 6 638 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 638 Foundation Topics 640 Introduction to IPv6 640 The Historical Reasons for IPv6 640 The IPv6 Protocols 642 IPv6 Routing 643 IPv6 Routing Protocols 645 IPv6 Addressing Formats and Conventions 646 Representing Full (Unabbreviated) IPv6 Addresses 646 Abbreviating and Expanding IPv6 Addresses 647 Abbreviating IPv6 Addresses 647 Expanding Abbreviated IPv6 Addresses 648 Representing the Prefix Length of an Address 649 Calculating the IPv6 Subnet Prefix (Subnet ID) 649 Finding the IPv6 Subnet Prefix 649 Working with More-Difficult IPv6 Prefix Lengths 651 Chapter Review 652 Chapter 26 IPv6 Addressing and Subnetting 654 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 654 Foundation Topics 655 Global Unicast Addressing Concepts 655 Public and Private IPv6 Addresses 656 The IPv6 Global Routing Prefix 657 Address Ranges for Global Unicast Addresses 659 IPv6 Subnetting Using Global Unicast Addresses 659 Deciding Where IPv6 Subnets Are Needed 660 The Mechanics of Subnetting IPv6 Global Unicast Addresses 660 Listing the IPv6 Subnet Prefix (Subnet ID) 662 List All IPv6 Subnets 663 Assign Subnets to the Internetwork Topology 663 Assigning Addresses to Hosts in a Subnet 664 Unique Local Unicast Addresses 664 Subnetting with Unique Local IPv6 Addresses 665 The Need for Globally Unique Local Addresses 666 Chapter Review 667 Chapter 27 Implementing IPv6 Addressing on Routers 668 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 668 Foundation Topics 670 Implementing Unicast IPv6 Addresses on Routers 670 Static Unicast Address Configuration 671 Configuring the Full 128-Bit Address 671 Enabling IPv6 Routing 672 Verifying the IPv6 Address Configuration 673 Generating a Unique Interface ID Using Modified EUI-64 674 IPv6 Address Attributes 678 Dynamic Unicast Address Configuration 679 Special Addresses Used by Routers 680 Link-Local Addresses 680 Link-Local Address Concepts 680 Creating Link-Local Addresses on Routers 681 Routing IPv6 with Only Link-Local Addresses on an Interface 683 IPv6 Multicast Addresses 684 Well-Known Multicast Addresses 684 Multicast Address Scopes 686 Solicited-Node Multicast Addresses 687 The Unspecified and Loopback Addresses 689 Anycast Addresses 689 IPv6 Addressing Configuration Summary 690 Chapter Review 691 Chapter 28 Implementing IPv6 Addressing on Hosts 696 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 696 Foundation Topics 698 The Neighbor Discovery Protocol 698 Discovering Neighbor Link Addresses with NDP NS and NA 699 Discovering Routers with NDP RS and RA 702 Discovering Prefixes with NDP RS and RA 703 Discovering Duplicate Addresses Using NDP NS and NA 705 NDP Summary 705 Dynamic Configuration of Host IPv6 Settings 706 Using Stateful DHCP 706 Differences Between Stateful DHCPv6 and DHCPv4 707 DHCPv6 Relay Agents 708 Using Stateless Address Autoconfiguration 710 Building an IPv6 Address Using SLAAC 710 Combining SLAAC with Stateless DHCP 711 Combining SLAAC with RA-Based DNS Server Configuration 712 Permanent and Temporary SLAAC Addresses 712 Troubleshooting Host IPv6 Addressing 714 Verifying IPv6 Connectivity from Hosts 714 Host Commands to Find IPv6 Interface Addresses 714 Testing IPv6 Connectivity with ping and traceroute 716 Verifying Host Connectivity from Nearby Routers 718 Chapter Review 719 Chapter 29 Implementing IPv6 Routing 722 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 722 Foundation Topics 724 Connected and Local IPv6 Routes 724 Rules for Connected and Local Routes 725 Example of Connected IPv6 Routes 725 Examples of Local IPv6 Routes 727 Static IPv6 Network Routes 728 Static Network Routes Using an Outgoing Interface 729 Static Network Routes Using Next-Hop IPv6 Address 730 Example Static Network Route with a Next-Hop GUA 731 Example Static Network Route with a Next-Hop LLA 733 Static Default, Host, and Floating Static IPv6 Routes 735 Static IPv6 Default Routes 735 Static IPv6 Host Routes 737 Floating Static IPv6 Routes 739 Troubleshooting Static IPv6 Routes 741 Troubleshooting Incorrect Static Routes That Appear in the IPv6 Routing Table 741 The Static Route Does Not Appear in the IPv6 Routing Table 743 Chapter Review 744 Part VII Review 746 Part VIII Exam Updates 749 Chapter 30 CCNA 200-301 Official Cert Guide, Volume 1, Second Edition Exam Updates 750 The Purpose of This Chapter 750 Additional Technical Content 751 About Possible Exam Updates 751 Impact on You and Your Study Plan 753 News about the Next CCNA Exam Release 754 Updated Technical Content 754 Part IX Appendixes 757 Appendix A Numeric Reference Tables 759 Appendix B Exam Topics Cross-Reference 765 Appendix C Answers to the “Do I Know This Already?” Quizzes779 Glossary 809 Online Appendixes Appendix D Practice for Chapter 12: Analyzing Classful IPv4 Networks Appendix E Practice for Chapter 13: Analyzing Subnet Masks Appendix F Practice for Chapter 14: Analyzing Existing Subnets Appendix G Practice for Chapter 15: Subnet Design Appendix H Practice for Chapter 25: Fundamentals of IP Version 6 Appendix I Practice for Chapter 27: Implementing IPv6 Addressing on Routers Appendix J Study Planner Appendix K Topics from Previous Editions Appendix L LAN Troubleshooting Appendix M Variable-Length Subnet Masks 9780138229634 TOC 4/22/2024