Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527) was an Italian statesman and philosopher. Born into affluence, he managed to secure a high governmental position when only in his late twenties. After a successful decade in state service, Machiavelli was mistreated by the notoriously corrupt Medici family he was tortured and sent to prison where his major work The Prince was written in 1513. His other politically renowned volume, Discourses on Livy was also written in prison a few years later. Both texts were only published after Machiavelli's death and in his lifetime he was probably best-known as a playwright and author of fiction the texts such as Andria that have proven to be of much less literary and cultural significance.