Mark Twain was born Samuel Langhorne Clemens in 1835. He trained as a river-boat pilot, but turned to journalism after the Civil War, and published his first short story in 1865. He is also the author of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. Peter Coveney was Senior Lecturer in History at Nottingham University and edited George Eliot's Felix Holt for Penguin Classics. Richard Maxwell is Professor of English at Valparaiso University.