James Malone-Lee is an Emeritus Professor of Medicine at University College London (UCL). For 37 years as a clinical scientist at UCL he studied lower urinary tract symptoms. His research group made discoveries that challenged numerous strongly held beliefs about lower urinary tract disease, particularly infection. For many years this new knowledge was rejected by many, but in the wake of corroborative evidence from others around the world, this new thinking is becoming more widely accepted.