Mary Frances Phillips is a proud native of Detroit, Michigan. She is an associate professor of Africana Studies at Lehman College, City University of New York. Her interdisciplinary research agenda focuses on race and gender in post-1945 social movements and the carceral state. Her research areas include the Modern Black Freedom Struggle, Black Feminism, and Black Power Studies. She is currently working on her book manuscript,Sister Love: Ericka Huggins, Spiritual Activism, and the Black Panther Party, which is under contract with New York University Press. This project is the first and only scholarly monograph on the life experiences of Black Panther veteran Ericka Huggins.