Thomas Hardy (1840-1928) was an English poet and novelist who initially trained and showed promise as an architect. His third published novel, Far from the Madding Crowd, was successful enough that he was able to devote himself to writing. Hardy’s work displays a concern that the conventions of Victorian society were damaging to many and an empathy toward those it made suffer. His richly drawn characters, in novels like Jude the Obscure, The Mayor of Casterbridge and Tess of the d’Urbervilles, engage in a timeless striving for happiness and a chance to rise above a world that offers implacable barriers to their hopes.